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Related Concept Videos

Encephalitis l: Introduction01:19

Encephalitis l: Introduction

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma, most often due to infections or autoimmune processes. It presents with neuropsychiatric features such as fever, altered mental status, behavioral changes, cognitive dysfunction, seizures, focal deficits, and sometimes autonomic instability. In some cases, the meninges are also involved, resulting in meningoencephalitis.Infectious CausesInfectious encephalitis is most commonly viral but can also result from bacterial, fungal, or parasitic...
Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology01:26

Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma caused by direct viral invasion or immune-mediated mechanisms triggered by infections or tumors. Both processes lead to neuronal injury, disrupted neurotransmission, and diverse neurological symptoms, often with overlapping clinical and pathological features.Autoimmune EncephalitisIn autoimmune encephalitis, antibodies target neuronal antigens on cell surfaces, synapses, or within neurons. A key example is anti-NMDAR encephalitis, which can...
Hepatic Encephalopathy01:29

Hepatic Encephalopathy

DefinitionHepatic encephalopathy is a reversible neurologic syndrome that results from advanced liver dysfunction or portosystemic shunting. It leads to disturbances in cognition, behavior, and motor function due to the brain’s exposure to gut-derived toxins that the liver fails to detoxify.EtiologyThis condition develops either in the setting of acute fulminant hepatitis or progressively during chronic liver disease, such as cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Portosystemic shunting—including...
Arboviral Encephalitis01:25

Arboviral Encephalitis

Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...
Viral Meningitis01:18

Viral Meningitis

Viral meningitis is the most common form of meningitis and is often referred to as aseptic meningitis to indicate the absence of bacterial involvement. It is generally milder than bacterial meningitis, with symptoms including fever, headache, stiff neck, drowsiness, nausea, photophobia, and vomiting. Rarely, more severe manifestations or death may occur. Common causative agents include enteroviruses, particularly coxsackie A and B viruses and echoviruses, all members of the Enterovirus genus...
Seizures: Classification01:13

Seizures: Classification

Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
Seizures are typically classified into two main categories: focal and generalized seizures.
Focal Seizures
Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 7, 2026

A Battery of Motor Tests in a Neonatal Mouse Model of Cerebral Palsy
10:02

A Battery of Motor Tests in a Neonatal Mouse Model of Cerebral Palsy

Published on: November 3, 2016

The encephalopathic child.

O Abeyakoon1, R Batty, S Mordekar

  • 1Department of Neuroradiology, Sheffield Children's Hospital; Sheffield, UK - oshaani.abeyakoon@sth.nhs.uk.

The Neuroradiology Journal
|September 25, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Prompt diagnosis of pediatric encephalopathy is crucial for better outcomes. This study outlines an imaging strategy using ultrasound, CT, and MRI to aid in diagnosing various causes of this emergency.

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Modeling Encephalopathy of Prematurity Using Prenatal Hypoxia-ischemia with Intra-amniotic Lipopolysaccharide in Rats
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Modeling Encephalopathy of Prematurity Using Prenatal Hypoxia-ischemia with Intra-amniotic Lipopolysaccharide in Rats

Published on: November 20, 2015

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 7, 2026

A Battery of Motor Tests in a Neonatal Mouse Model of Cerebral Palsy
10:02

A Battery of Motor Tests in a Neonatal Mouse Model of Cerebral Palsy

Published on: November 3, 2016

Modeling Encephalopathy of Prematurity Using Prenatal Hypoxia-ischemia with Intra-amniotic Lipopolysaccharide in Rats
07:36

Modeling Encephalopathy of Prematurity Using Prenatal Hypoxia-ischemia with Intra-amniotic Lipopolysaccharide in Rats

Published on: November 20, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric neurology
  • Diagnostic imaging in pediatrics
  • Neurocritical care

Background:

  • Encephalopathy is a critical pediatric emergency with significant risks of death and long-term neurodevelopmental impairment.
  • Early diagnosis is essential for targeted medical or surgical interventions, improving patient outcomes.
  • Diagnostic imaging is vital for identifying the underlying cause of encephalopathy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a structured approach for formulating an effective diagnostic imaging strategy for pediatric encephalopathy.
  • To highlight the roles of ultrasound (US), computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the diagnostic process.
  • To facilitate timely and accurate diagnosis for improved patient management.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing a combination of imaging modalities including US, CT, and MRI.
  • Developing a systematic approach to diagnostic imaging based on clinical presentation.
  • Considering a broad differential diagnosis including trauma, infections, metabolic disorders, and vascular events.

Main Results:

  • The proposed imaging strategy aids in differentiating between various causes of encephalopathy.
  • Specific imaging findings can guide prompt and appropriate treatment decisions.
  • The approach helps optimize the use of US, CT, and MRI for efficient patient care.

Conclusions:

  • A well-defined imaging strategy is instrumental in managing pediatric encephalopathy.
  • The judicious use of US, CT, and MRI can significantly improve diagnostic accuracy and patient outcomes.
  • This approach supports clinicians in navigating the complex differential diagnosis of pediatric encephalopathy.