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Clinical electromyography. Principles and practice.

K L Izzo1, S Aravabhumi

  • 1Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Clinics in Podiatric Medicine and Surgery
|January 1, 1990
PubMed
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Clinical electromyography (EMG) uses specialized instruments to assess neuromuscular disorders by analyzing motor unit potentials. EMG aids in diagnosing conditions affecting nerves and muscles, guiding treatment and prognosis.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Electrophysiology
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Clinical electromyography (EMG) is a diagnostic technique used to evaluate neuromuscular disorders.
  • Understanding the motor unit, the functional unit of muscles, is fundamental to interpreting EMG findings.
  • Pathological changes at various sites along the motor unit pathway can lead to abnormal EMG signals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the principles and practice of clinical electromyography.
  • To detail the instrumentation and basic components of EMG.
  • To explain how EMG abnormalities correlate with specific neuromuscular conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing specialized intramuscular recording electrodes, preamplifiers, amplifiers, and visual/auditory displays (CRO, loudspeaker).

Related Experiment Videos

  • Analyzing motor unit potentials during various muscle contraction levels (resting, minimal, strong).
  • Identifying characteristic EMG abnormalities such as positive sharp waves, fibrillation potentials, fasciculation potentials, and high-frequency discharges.

    • Main Results:

    • Normal EMG in resting muscle includes end-plate potentials; minimal contraction reveals individual motor unit potentials.
    • Abnormal potentials in resting muscle include positive sharp waves, fibrillation potentials, fasciculation potentials, and high-frequency discharges.
    • Myopathy typically shows polyphasic motor unit potentials of low amplitude/duration, while neuropathy may present with polyphasic potentials of normal or increased amplitude/duration.

    Conclusions:

    • EMG findings in myopathy and neuropathy correlate with known pathoanatomic changes.
    • EMG is a valuable tool for diagnosing neuromuscular disorders, aiding in prognosis, surgical decisions, rehabilitation planning, and medico-legal purposes.
    • Electromyography findings serve as an adjunct to clinical evaluation, supporting or refuting specific diagnoses.