Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Clinical Trials01:16

Clinical Trials

Clinical trials are prospective experimental studies conducted on humans to determine the safety and efficacy of treatments, drugs, diet methods, and medical devices. Using statistics in clinical trials enables researchers to derive reasonable and accurate conclusions from the collected data, allowing them to make wise decisions in uncertain situations. In medical research, statistical methods are crucial for preventing errors and bias.
There are four phases in a clinical trial. A phase one...
Clinical Trials: Overview01:11

Clinical Trials: Overview

Clinical development focuses on how the drug will interact with the human body and encompasses four key phases of clinical trials, each serving a specific purpose in assessing the safety and effectiveness of new drugs. These phases overlap and build upon one another. Phase I involves a small group of healthy volunteers (typically 20-80 individuals) or, in cases where significant toxicity is expected, patients with the targeted disease, such as cancer or AIDS. The volunteers are tested for...
Dose-Response Relationship: Potency and Efficacy01:22

Dose-Response Relationship: Potency and Efficacy

The potency of a drug is the measure of its ability to produce a biological response and can be compared by looking at the half-maximum effective concentration or EC50 values of different drugs. A lower EC50 value indicates higher potency of the drug. In the dose–response curve of two antihypertensive drugs, candesartan and irbesartan, a significant difference is observed in their EC50 values. A lower EC50 value for candesartan indicates that it is more potent than irbesartan, as it produces...
Bioequivalence of Drugs: Drugs with Multiple Indications01:09

Bioequivalence of Drugs: Drugs with Multiple Indications

The concept of therapeutic equivalence (TE) in drugs with multiple indications is complex. A generic drug may be therapeutically equivalent to a brand-name product for one specific indication, but this doesn't necessarily mean it's equivalent for all other indications. Evidence of TE in one patient group and bioequivalence shown in healthy volunteers can support—but not confirm—TE for other indications. However, definitive proof requires individual clinical studies for each indication due to...
Pharmacodynamic Models: Linear Concentration–Effect Model01:15

Pharmacodynamic Models: Linear Concentration–Effect Model

The linear concentration–effect model, underpinned by the principle that pharmacological effect (E) is directly proportional to plasma drug concentration (C), emerges as a pivotal simplification of the Emax model for conditions where C is significantly less than EC50. This model portrays a linear trajectory of the concentration–effect relationship when drug levels are markedly below the EC50 threshold.Despite its inherent assumption of continuous effect augmentation with increasing drug...
Study Designs in Epidemiology01:20

Study Designs in Epidemiology

Epidemiological study designs are fundamental tools for investigating the distribution, determinants, and control of health conditions in populations. They help researchers understand the relationships between exposures and outcomes, and they broadly fall into two categories: "observational" and "experimental" studies.
Observational studies are those where the researcher does not intervene but rather observes natural variations. They include cross-sectional, cohort, and case-control studies.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Droplet size distribution characteristics of Bacillus thuringiensis and Beauveria bassiana bio-pesticide solutions for hydraulic nozzles.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Analyzing Audiometric Data of Agricultural Tractor Drivers in India Using Data Mining Techniques.

Journal of agromedicine·2026
Same author

Optimization of specific spray volume for spray application in pomegranate orchard using response surface methodology.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Approach for ergonomic assessment of self-propelled combine harvester seats based on anthropometric body dimensions.

International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics : JOSE·2022
Same author

Utilization of absolute monocyte counts to predict cardiovascular events in people living with HIV.

HIV medicine·2020
Same author

Extraskeletal Calcifications in Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome.

Bone·2019

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 7, 2026

Drug Repurposing Hypothesis Generation Using the "RE:fine Drugs" System
05:10

Drug Repurposing Hypothesis Generation Using the "RE:fine Drugs" System

Published on: December 11, 2016

A proposal for integrated efficacy-to-effectiveness (E2E) clinical trials.

H P Selker1, K A Oye2, H-G Eichler3

  • 11] Tufts Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA [2] Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics
|September 25, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We introduce an efficacy-to-effectiveness (E2E) clinical trial design. This approach seamlessly transitions from efficacy to effectiveness trials, enhancing treatment selection and understanding real-world patient outcomes.

More Related Videos

E-Patient Counseling Trial (E-PACO): Computer Based Education versus Nurse Counseling for Patients to Prepare for Colonoscopy
06:28

E-Patient Counseling Trial (E-PACO): Computer Based Education versus Nurse Counseling for Patients to Prepare for Colonoscopy

Published on: August 1, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 7, 2026

Drug Repurposing Hypothesis Generation Using the "RE:fine Drugs" System
05:10

Drug Repurposing Hypothesis Generation Using the "RE:fine Drugs" System

Published on: December 11, 2016

E-Patient Counseling Trial (E-PACO): Computer Based Education versus Nurse Counseling for Patients to Prepare for Colonoscopy
06:28

E-Patient Counseling Trial (E-PACO): Computer Based Education versus Nurse Counseling for Patients to Prepare for Colonoscopy

Published on: August 1, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Clinical Trials Methodology
  • Translational Research
  • Evidence-Based Medicine

Background:

  • Efficacy trials yield homogeneous samples in controlled settings.
  • Effectiveness trials use heterogeneous samples in real-world settings.
  • Bridging the gap between efficacy and effectiveness is crucial for clinical practice.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a novel "efficacy-to-effectiveness" (E2E) clinical trial design.
  • To facilitate a seamless transition from efficacy to effectiveness trial components.
  • To leverage efficacy trial data for designing subsequent effectiveness trials.

Main Methods:

  • The proposed E2E design integrates efficacy and effectiveness trial phases.
  • Efficacy trial results inform the design of the effectiveness trial.
  • Effectiveness trial component aims to confirm associations in typical care settings.

Main Results:

  • E2E trials can confirm treatment effects in broader patient populations.
  • This design aids in identifying treatment effects in specific patient subgroups.
  • Results can inform regulatory processes and clinical decision-making.

Conclusions:

  • The E2E design enhances the evidentiary basis for treatment selection.
  • It expands understanding of treatment effectiveness in diverse clinical settings.
  • This approach fosters the integration of real-world evidence into regulatory frameworks.