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Related Concept Videos

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming01:29

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012 for this...
Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming01:24

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming

Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for injury repair.
Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming01:14

Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming

Nuclear reprogramming is the process of switching gene expression of one cell type to that of another cell type, usually from a differentiated cell state to an undifferentiated cell state. Differentiation occurs during processes such as development and morphogenesis, tissue regeneration, and malignancy. Cells can also be artificially induced to reprogram their gene expression by techniques such as nuclear transfer, induced pluripotency, and cell fusion. Such techniques have many applications in...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 7, 2026

Generation of Integration-free Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Using Episomal Vectors
09:45

Generation of Integration-free Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Using Episomal Vectors

Published on: January 1, 2017

Cellular reprogramming of human peripheral blood cells.

Xiao-Bing Zhang1

  • 1Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA.

Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics
|September 25, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Peripheral blood cells offer advantages for regenerative medicine. Reprogramming blood mononuclear cells (MNCs) into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and other therapeutic cells shows promise, with non-integrating vectors improving efficiency.

Keywords:
Cell fate conversionHematopoietic cellsInduced pluripotent stem cellsPeripheral bloodReprogramming

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Generation of Integration-free Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Using Episomal Vectors
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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Generation from Blood Cells Using Sendai Virus and Centrifugation
09:57

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Generation from Blood Cells Using Sendai Virus and Centrifugation

Published on: December 21, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Cell fate conversion enables patient-specific cell generation for regenerative medicine.
  • Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (MNCs) are advantageous over skin fibroblasts for reprogramming.
  • Reprogramming technology can be broadened by utilizing blood-derived cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review progress and challenges in generating induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from peripheral blood MNCs.
  • To discuss the conversion of blood cells into therapeutically valuable cells in vitro and in vivo.
  • To highlight the role of vector design in reprogramming efficiency.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on cell reprogramming techniques.
  • Discussion of lentiviral vectors, Sendai virus, and episomal vectors for cell conversion.
  • Analysis of methods for generating iPSCs and somatic stem cells from blood cells.

Main Results:

  • Peripheral blood MNCs can be reprogrammed into iPSCs and other cell types (e.g., neural cells, hepatocytes, mesenchymal stem cells).
  • Optimized lentiviral vectors are crucial for high reprogramming efficiency.
  • Non-integrating vectors (Sendai virus, episomal vectors) facilitate integration-free iPSC generation.

Conclusions:

  • Reprogramming peripheral blood cells is a promising strategy for regenerative medicine.
  • Advancements in vector technology are key to overcoming reprogramming challenges.
  • This approach expands the therapeutic potential of cell conversion technologies.