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Related Concept Videos

Hydrogen Bonds01:04

Hydrogen Bonds

A hydrogen bond is formed when a weakly positive hydrogen atom already bonded to one electronegative atom (for example, the oxygen in the water molecule) is attracted to another electronegative atom from another polar molecule, such as water (H2O), hydrogen fluoride (HF), or ammonia (NH3). The huge electronegativity difference between the H atom (2.1) and the atom to which it is bonded (4.0 for an F atom, 3.5 for an O atom, or 3.0 for an N atom), combined with the very small size of an H atom...
Hydrogen Bonds00:26

Hydrogen Bonds

Hydrogen bonds are weak attractions between atoms that have formed other chemical bonds. One of these atoms is electronegative, like oxygen, and has a partial negative charge. The other is a hydrogen atom that has bonded with another electronegative atom and has a partial positive charge.
Hydrogen Bonds Control the World!
Because hydrogen has very weak electronegativity when it binds with a strongly electronegative atom, such as oxygen or nitrogen, electrons in the bond are unequally shared.
Structures of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives01:28

Structures of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives

Structure of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives
Carboxylic acid derivatives contain an acyl group attached to a heteroatom such as chlorine, oxygen, or nitrogen. The carbonyl carbon and oxygen are both sp2-hybridized with an unhybridized p orbital.
The three sp2 orbitals of the carbonyl carbon form three σ bonds, one each with the carbonyl oxygen, the α carbon, and the heteroatom, whereas the other two sp2 orbitals of the carbonyl oxygen are occupied by the lone pairs. Further, the unhybridized p...
Leveling Effect and Non-Aqueous Acid-Base Solutions02:11

Leveling Effect and Non-Aqueous Acid-Base Solutions

This lesson defines the leveling effect in acidic and basic solutions and its role in aqueous and non-aqueous solutions. It is essential to understand the competing nature of various species in a chemical system.
The Leveling Effect of a Solvent
A generic acid (HA) reacts with the generic base (B-) to yield the corresponding conjugate base (A-) and conjugate acid (HB):
Intermolecular Forces03:13

Intermolecular Forces

Atoms and molecules interact through bonds (or forces): intramolecular and intermolecular. The forces are electrostatic as they arise from interactions (attractive or repulsive) between charged species (permanent, partial, or temporary charges) and exist with varying strengths between ions, polar, nonpolar, and neutral molecules. The different types of intermolecular forces are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion; among these, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion...
Intermolecular Forces03:13

Intermolecular Forces

Atoms and molecules interact through bonds (or forces): intramolecular and intermolecular. The forces are electrostatic as they arise from interactions (attractive or repulsive) between charged species (permanent, partial, or temporary charges) and exist with varying strengths between ions, polar, nonpolar, and neutral molecules. The different types of intermolecular forces are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion; among these, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion...

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Updated: May 7, 2026

Preparation of Hydrophobic Metal-Organic Frameworks via Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition of Perfluoroalkanes for the Removal of Ammonia
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Hydrogen-bonding interactions between [BMIM][BF4] and acetonitrile.

Yan-Zhen Zheng1, Nan-Nan Wang, Jun-Jie Luo

  • 1Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorous Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China. yuzhw@tsinghua.edu.cn.

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics : PCCP
|September 25, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Diluting ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([BMIM][BF4]) with acetonitrile (CH3CN) transforms ion clusters into ion pairs. Hydrogen bonding between [BMIM][BF4] and CH3CN strengthens during this process.

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Area of Science:

  • Physical Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Spectroscopy

Background:

  • Ionic liquids (ILs) like 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([BMIM][BF4]) are versatile solvents.
  • Understanding IL-solvent interactions is crucial for optimizing their use in various applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the molecular interactions between [BMIM][BF4] and acetonitrile (CH3CN).
  • To elucidate the structural changes occurring during the dilution of [BMIM][BF4] with CH3CN.

Main Methods:

  • Attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy (ATR-IR)
  • Hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance ((1)H NMR)
  • Density functional theory (DFT) calculations
  • Excess infrared spectroscopy

Main Results:

  • Identified various species in [BMIM][BF4]-CH3CN mixtures.
  • Observed the transformation of ion clusters to ion pairs upon dilution with CH3CN.
  • Found enhanced hydrogen bonding between [BMIM](+) C-Hs and CH3CN nitrogen.
  • Determined the orientation of CH3CN methyl groups relative to the imidazolium ring.

Conclusions:

  • Acetonitrile acts as a diluent, breaking down IL ion clusters into ion pairs without disrupting Coulombic interactions.
  • Hydrogen bond strength increases between the ionic liquid cation and acetonitrile during dilution.
  • The findings provide insights into the behavior of IL-acetonitrile mixtures as potential reaction media.