How to build a multiscale model in biology.

Area of Science:

• Biology
• Computational Biology
• Mathematical Biology

Background:

• Biological systems exhibit complexity across multiple spatial scales, from molecules to ecosystems.
• Understanding these systems requires approaches that integrate different organizational levels.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review and discuss single- and multiscale modeling approaches in biology.
• To analyze the properties of various models from a multiscale perspective.

Main Methods:

• Review of existing literature on biological modeling.
• Categorization and analysis of models based on their scale and approach.
• Discussion of models including master equations, individual-based models, hybrid models, and structured PDE models.

Main Results:

• Identified a range of single- and multiscale models applicable to biological systems.
• Discussed the strengths and weaknesses of different modeling approaches for capturing cross-scale interactions.
• Highlighted the utility of master equations, individual-based models, hybrid continuous-discrete models, and structured PDE models.

Conclusions:

• Multiscale modeling is crucial for deciphering complex biological interactions across diverse scales.
• The reviewed models offer valuable frameworks for studying biological phenomena from molecular to ecosystem levels.