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Related Concept Videos

Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations01:26

Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations

Heart failure (HF) manifests primarily as dyspnea, fatigue, and fluid retention, resulting in peripheral and pulmonary edema. Symptoms may vary depending on which ventricle is more affected, left or right.Left-Sided Heart FailureAlso known as left ventricular failure, this condition results from the left ventricle's inability to fill or eject sufficient blood into the systemic circulation. It leads to pulmonary congestion, which occurs when the left ventricle fails to eject blood effectively...
Pathophysiology of Heart Failure01:17

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure

Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...
Imbalances in Cardiac Output01:26

Imbalances in Cardiac Output

The heart's primary function is to pump blood throughout the body, maintaining a balance between blood sent out (cardiac output) and blood returning (venous return). If this balance is disrupted, it can result in congestive heart failure (CHF), a severe condition where the heart becomes an inefficient pump, leading to inadequate blood circulation.
CHF can occur due to the failure of either side of the heart. Left-side failure leads to pulmonary congestion—the right side continues to send blood...
Heart Failure I: Introduction01:27

Heart Failure I: Introduction

Heart failure refers to a clinical syndrome caused by structural or functional cardiac disorders that prevent the heart from pumping an adequate amount of blood to meet the body's metabolic needs. This condition often arises from myocardial infarction or ischemia, leading to decreased cardiac output, reduced tissue perfusion, impaired gas exchange, fluid volume imbalance, and decreased functional ability.Heart failure can result from disruptions in the mechanisms that regulate cardiac output...
Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy01:30

Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Dilated cardiomyopathy, or DCM, is a progressive myocardial disorder characterized by ventricular chamber dilation and contractile dysfunction.EtiologyVarious factors can cause DCM, including hypertension and heavy alcohol intake, which contribute to the weakening and enlargement of the heart muscle. Viral infections, such as Coxsackievirus B, adenoviruses, and influenza, can lead to DCM by causing inflammation and damage to heart tissue. Certain chemotherapeutic agents, including daunorubicin,...
Cardiomyopathy IV: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy01:29

Cardiomyopathy IV: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is a rare heart muscle disease characterized by impaired ventricular filling due to stiffened ventricular walls, leading to significant diastolic dysfunction.EtiologyRestrictive cardiomyopathy can arise from both inherited and acquired diseases, many of which are systemic. It is categorized into four main types: infiltrative, storage, non-infiltrative, and endomyocardial diseases.Infiltrative diseases, such as amyloidosis, lead to RCM by depositing amyloid...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 7, 2026

The Colon-26 Carcinoma Tumor-bearing Mouse as a Model for the Study of Cancer Cachexia
08:55

The Colon-26 Carcinoma Tumor-bearing Mouse as a Model for the Study of Cancer Cachexia

Published on: November 30, 2016

Cardiac cachexia is associated with right ventricular failure and liver dysfunction.

Miroslava Valentova1, Stephan von Haehling, Christian Krause

  • 1Applied Cachexia Research, Department of Cardiology, Charité Medical School, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany; 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty Hospital, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.

International Journal of Cardiology
|September 26, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Cardiac cachexia is linked to right heart failure and liver dysfunction. These conditions, along with low albumin, are key indicators of cardiac cachexia in heart failure patients.

Keywords:
Cardiac cachexiaChronic heart failureLiver function testsRight heart function

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 7, 2026

The Colon-26 Carcinoma Tumor-bearing Mouse as a Model for the Study of Cancer Cachexia
08:55

The Colon-26 Carcinoma Tumor-bearing Mouse as a Model for the Study of Cancer Cachexia

Published on: November 30, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Heart Failure Pathophysiology
  • Hepatic Dysfunction

Background:

  • Cardiac cachexia mechanisms are not fully understood.
  • This study investigates the link between right ventricular (RV) and hepatic dysfunction in cardiac cachexia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the association of RV and hepatic dysfunction with cardiac cachexia in patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF).

Main Methods:

  • Prospective enrollment of 118 patients with LVEF ≤40%, categorized by New York Heart Association (NYHA) class and cachexia status.
  • Utilized blood collection, echocardiography (measuring tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion [TAPSE] and right atrial pressure [RAP]), and exercise testing.

Main Results:

  • Reduced systolic RV function (TAPSE ≤15 mm) was observed in 80% of cachectic patients.
  • A significant stepwise decrease in RV systolic function and increase in RAP were noted with increasing NYHA class and cachexia.
  • Cholestatic liver parameters (alkaline phosphatase, direct bilirubin) and hypoalbuminemia were elevated in cachectic patients and correlated with RV dysfunction.

Conclusions:

  • Cardiac cachexia is associated with more severe right heart failure (HF) and cholestatic liver dysfunction.
  • Hypoalbuminemia is also more pronounced in cachectic patients compared to non-cachectic patients with similar LVEF and NYHA class.
  • RV dysfunction, liver parameters, and albumin are independent predictors of cardiac cachexia.