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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 7, 2026

Induction and Assessment of Class Switch Recombination in Purified Murine B Cells

Induction and Assessment of Class Switch Recombination in Purified Murine B Cells

Published on: August 13, 2010

IgA subclass switch recombination in human mucosal and systemic immune compartments.

M Lin¹, L Du², P Brandtzaeg³

¹1] Clinical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden [2] State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.

Mucosal Immunology

|September 26, 2013

Summary

Investigating immunoglobulin A (IgA) subclass switching in mucosal tissues reveals direct switching from IgM to IgA1 or IgA2. Local IgA distribution reflects pre-switched B cells, with minimal in situ switching in the gut lamina propria.

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Analysis of Somatic Hypermutation in the JH4 intron of Germinal Center B cells from Mouse Peyer's Patches

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Characterization of Thymus-dependent and Thymus-independent Immunoglobulin Isotype Responses in Mice Using Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

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Analysis of Somatic Hypermutation in the JH4 intron of Germinal Center B cells from Mouse Peyer's Patches

Analysis of Somatic Hypermutation in the JH4 intron of Germinal Center B cells from Mouse Peyer's Patches

Published on: April 20, 2021

Area of Science:

Immunology
Molecular Biology
Gastroenterology

Background:

Human immunoglobulin A (IgA) exists as two subclasses, IgA1 and IgA2, with distinct tissue distributions.
Previous studies utilized immunohistochemistry to map IgA subclass distribution in various body compartments.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the molecular-level IgA switch profiles in mucosal tissues, including salivary and lacrimal glands, nasal mucosa, and gut mucosa.
To compare IgA subclass switching mechanisms in systemic versus mucosal immune compartments.

Main Methods:

Analysis of IgA switch junction sequences (Sμ-Sα1 and Sμ-Sα2) in mucosal tissues.
Quantification of activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) and Iα-Cμ circle transcripts.

Main Results:

Direct switching from IgM to IgA1 or IgA2 was predominant across all analyzed immune compartments.
Sμ-Sα1 and Sμ-Sα2 junctions showed similar compositions, suggesting a conserved recombination mechanism for IgA subclass switching.
Local IgA subclass distribution correlates with pre-switched B cells, with limited evidence of in situ switching in the intestinal lamina propria.

Conclusions:

The molecular mechanisms of IgA1 and IgA2 subclass switching are largely conserved.
Mucosal IgA subclass distribution is primarily determined by the migration of pre-committed B cells rather than local in situ switching.
In situ switching plays a minimal role in shaping IgA subclass distribution outside organized gut-associated lymphoid tissues.