Functional magnetic nanoparticles for non-viral gene delivery and MR imaging

Gene therapy is becoming a promising strategy to treat various kinds of genetic and acquired diseases. However, the development of safe, efficient, and targetable gene delivery systems remains a major challenge in gene therapy. The unique material characteristics of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), including high surface area, facile surface modification, controllable size, and excellent magnetic properties, make them promising candidates for gene delivery. The engineered MNPs with modifiable functional surfaces and bioactive cores can result in several advantageous diagnostic and therapeutic properties including enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signal intensity, long permeation and retention in the circulatory system, specific delivery of therapeutic genes to target sites. In this review, the updated research on the preparation and surface modification of MNPs for gene delivery is summarized.