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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 7, 2026

Modeling Encephalopathy of Prematurity Using Prenatal Hypoxia-ischemia with Intra-amniotic Lipopolysaccharide in Rats
07:36

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Perinatal iron deficiency and neurocognitive development.

Emily C Radlowski1, Rodney W Johnson

  • 11Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana, IL, USA ; 2Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana, IL, USA.

Frontiers in Human Neuroscience
|September 26, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Iron deficiency is a global health issue affecting billions. Early iron deficiency can cause lasting cognitive deficits, underscoring the need for prevention and intervention.

Keywords:
cognitive developmenthippocampusiron deficiencylearningmemorynutrition

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Area of Science:

  • Nutritional Neuroscience
  • Developmental Biology
  • Global Public Health

Background:

  • Iron deficiency is the most common global nutrient deficiency, impacting nearly 2 billion people.
  • High prevalence is linked to poor nutrition in developing and industrialized nations.
  • Affects up to 50% of pregnant women, posing risks to fetal neurodevelopment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the prevalence of iron deficiency during critical pre- and postnatal periods.
  • To examine the mechanisms and effects of iron deficiency on brain development and cognitive function.
  • To highlight the long-term neurocognitive consequences and the importance of early intervention.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of global health data on iron deficiency prevalence.
  • Analysis of scientific literature on iron's role in neurogenesis, development, and myelination.
  • Examination of studies on cognitive outcomes in infants and adults with early iron deficiency.

Main Results:

  • Maternal anemia due to iron deficiency impairs fetal neurodevelopment and increases risks of low birth weight.
  • Postnatal iron deficiency after 6 months of age leads to cognitive deficits in learning and memory.
  • Neurocognitive complications of early iron deficiency are persistent and difficult to reverse.

Conclusions:

  • Preventing iron deficiency during pregnancy and infancy is crucial for optimal brain development.
  • Early iron deficiency can lead to irreversible cognitive impairments persisting into adulthood.
  • Further research is needed to develop effective interventions for individuals with early iron deficiency.