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Related Concept Videos

Implicit Memories01:24

Implicit Memories

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Implicit memories, also known as non-declarative memories, are long-term memories that function outside of conscious awareness. These memories influence behavior and skills without explicit knowledge. This type of memory is evident in tasks like playing tennis, snowboarding, and texting. Implicit memory has three subsystems: procedural memory, conditioning, and priming. This type of memory is essential in various activities, from everyday tasks to specialized skills.
One key aspect of implicit...
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Interference and Decay01:16

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Forgetting is a complex cognitive phenomenon influenced by several factors, among which interference and decay are particularly prominent. These processes explain why individuals often struggle to retrieve specific information from memory, leading to lapses in recall that can be observed in everyday situations.
Interference occurs when competing memories hinder the retrieval of particular information. It can be classified into two types: proactive and retroactive interference. Proactive...
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Explicit Memories01:27

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Explicit memories, also known as declarative memories, are consciously remembered, recalled, and reported. Studying for a chemistry exam involves material that will become part of explicit memory. There are two types of explicit memory: episodic and semantic.
Episodic memory contains information about personally experienced events and is reported as a story. An example of episodic memory is recalling a birthday celebration. This type of memory includes the what, where, and when of an event, as...
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Long-Term Memory01:18

Long-Term Memory

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Long-term memory is a relatively permanent type of memory, capable of storing vast amounts of information over extended periods. Its storage capacity is generally considered unlimited.
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Cognitive Development During Adulthood01:30

Cognitive Development During Adulthood

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Cognitive development continues throughout adulthood, undergoing significant shifts across early, middle, and late stages. Individual transition occurs from adolescent idealism to pragmatic and adaptable thinking in early adulthood. During this period, individuals learn to integrate personal beliefs with the recognition that other perspectives are equally valid. Exposure to the complexities of modern society, diverse experiences, and higher education contribute to this adaptive thought process,...
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Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory01:26

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Memory is one of the most vital higher mental functions of the brain. Memory is closely related to learning because it enables us to retain information and experiences from our past to use them in our present life. It also helps us to remember facts, events, and skills, such as riding a bike or swimming. There are two types of memory — declarative memory, which involves memorizing facts or events, and procedural memory, which enables us to remember how to do something like writing or...
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Working Memory Training for Older Participants: A Control Group Training Regimen and Initial Intellectual Functioning Assessment
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Age effects on explicit and implicit memory.

Emma V Ward1, Christopher J Berry, David R Shanks

  • 1Psychology Department, Middlesex University London, UK.

Frontiers in Psychology
|September 26, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Aging impacts explicit memory but implicit memory may not be preserved. Research suggests implicit memory also declines with age, challenging distinct memory systems. Computational models support a single-system view of memory.

Keywords:
agingimplicit memorymodels of memoryprimingrecognition

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Human Aging Research

Background:

  • Explicit memory (e.g., recognition) demonstrably declines with age.
  • Implicit memory (e.g., priming) is often considered age-invariant, supporting distinct memory systems.
  • This view is challenged by evidence suggesting measurement methods influence observed age effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To challenge the notion of age-invariant implicit memory.
  • To explore how measurement differences impact age-related memory decline.
  • To investigate the underlying memory systems using computational models.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing research on age effects in implicit and explicit memory.
  • Analysis of how measurement techniques affect observed age differences.
  • Application of single and multiple-systems computational models to memory data.

Main Results:

  • Differential age-related declines may stem from measurement artifacts.
  • Improved measurement methods reveal that implicit memory is not age-invariant.
  • Model comparison strongly favors a single-system model of memory over multiple systems.

Conclusions:

  • The distinction between age-invariant implicit memory and age-declining explicit memory is questionable.
  • Implicit memory performance is sensitive to measurement methods and also declines with age.
  • A single-system model provides a better account of age-related memory changes.