Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

LTR Retrotransposons03:08

LTR Retrotransposons

LTR retrotransposons are class I transposable elements with long terminal repeats flanking an internal coding region. These elements are less abundant in mammals compared to other class I transposable elements. About 8 percent of human genomic DNA comprises LTR retrotransposons. Some of the common examples of LTR retrotransposons are Ty elements in yeast and Copia elements in Drosophila.
The internal coding region of LTR retrotransposons and their mechanism of transposition closely resembles a...
Bacterial Transcription01:53

Bacterial Transcription

RNA polymerase (RNAP) carries out DNA-dependent RNA synthesis in both bacteria and eukaryotes. Bacteria do not have a membrane-bound nucleus. So, transcription and translation occur simultaneously, on the same DNA template.
Transcription can be divided into three main stages, each involving distinct DNA sequences to guide the polymerase. These are:
RNA Structure01:19

RNA Structure

The basic structure of RNA consists of a string of ribonucleotides attached by phosphodiester bonds. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA) involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three...
RNA Structure01:23

RNA Structure

Overview
The basic structure of RNA consists of a five-carbon sugar and one of four nitrogenous bases. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA): messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three RNA types consist of a...
RNA Structure01:23

RNA Structure

Overview
The basic structure of RNA consists of a five-carbon sugar and one of four nitrogenous bases. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA): messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three RNA types consist of a...
RNA Splicing01:32

RNA Splicing

Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Examining glycation as a mediator linking bullying to psychotic experience and depressive symptom in adolescents.

Molecular psychiatry·2026
Same author

A new branch of mammalian vitamin B<sub>6</sub> metabolism: AKR1C-mediated conversion of pyridoxal to pyridoxine and 4-pyridoxolactone.

The FEBS journal·2026
Same author

Pentosidine accumulation induced by Akr1a deficiency drives aggression and hyperactivity.

Neuroscience letters·2026
Same author

Distinct microRNA profiles in neuron-derived extracellular vesicles between recent-onset and chronic-phase schizophrenia.

Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany)·2025
Same author

Pentosidine modification of neuronal proteins induces dendritic spine enlargement in vitro.

Biochemical and biophysical research communications·2025
Same author

Schizophrenia with hypozincemia: Clinical features and symptom severity.

Schizophrenia research·2025
Same journal

Position-Dependent Stabilization of DNA/RNA Duplexes by Site-Specific Incorporation of LNA Nucleosides.

Journal of nucleic acids·2026
Same journal

RETRACTION: Genetic Clearness Novel Strategy of Group I <i>Bacillus</i> Species Isolated from Fermented Food and Beverages by Using Fibrinolytic Enzyme Gene Encoding a Serine-Like Enzyme.

Journal of nucleic acids·2026
Same journal

A Biochemical Analysis of LINC00896 RNA in Cortex Neuronal Cells and Its Possible Connection to the Development of Autism.

Journal of nucleic acids·2026
Same journal

Corrigendum to "Design and Evaluation of RNA Aptamer-Mediated Delivery of C/EBP<i>β</i> siRNA for Oncological Therapy".

Journal of nucleic acids·2025
Same journal

Design and Evaluation of RNA Aptamer-Mediated Delivery of C/EBP<i>β</i> siRNA for Oncological Therapy.

Journal of nucleic acids·2025
Same journal

Dual Detection of Hepatitis B and C Viruses Using CRISPR-Cas Systems and Lateral Flow Assay.

Journal of nucleic acids·2024
See all related articles

Related Experiment Videos

R-Loop Formation In Trans at an AGGAG Repeat.

Kazuya Toriumi1, Takuma Tsukahara, Ryo Hanai

  • 1Department of Life Science and Research Center for Life Science, Rikkyo (St. Paul's) University, 3-34-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan ; Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kami-Kitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan.

Journal of Nucleic Acids
|September 26, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers investigated RNA-DNA hybrid (R-loop) formation using AGGAG repeats. Ribonuclease T1 reduced R-loop formation, while supercoiled DNA promoted it, revealing insights into R-loop dynamics.

Related Experiment Videos

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Genetics

Background:

  • RNA-DNA hybrids, or R-loops, are three-stranded nucleic acid structures implicated in various biological processes.
  • Understanding R-loop formation and stability is crucial for comprehending genome stability and gene regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the in vitro formation of RNA-DNA hybrids (R-loops) using a specific AGGAG repeat sequence.
  • To elucidate the role of ribonuclease T1 and DNA supercoiling in modulating R-loop formation.

Main Methods:

  • In vitro transcription of an AGGAG repeat sequence using T7 RNA polymerase.
  • Assessing R-loop formation in the presence and absence of ribonuclease T1.
  • Investigating R-loop formation with supercoiled DNA containing the AGGAG repeat.
  • Employing chemical modification techniques to probe DNA duplex opening.

Main Results:

  • Ribonuclease T1 treatment diminished R-loop formation in cis, suggesting transcript dissociation and reassociation.
  • Supercoiled DNA promoted the formation of R-loops in trans between the transcript and the AGGAG repeat DNA.
  • Chemical modification data indicated that negative supercoiling induced duplex opening at the AGGAG repeat.

Conclusions:

  • R-loop formation is influenced by enzymatic activity and DNA topology.
  • The AGGAG repeat sequence is prone to forming R-loops, particularly under supercoiling stress.
  • These findings contribute to understanding the mechanisms governing R-loop dynamics in vitro.