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Related Concept Videos

The Colloidal State01:29

The Colloidal State

The formation of a colloidal system is exemplified by an aqueous solution containing Cl− ions is introduced to another containing Ag+ ions, resulting in the precipitation of solid AgCl as extremely tiny crystals. Instead of settling out as a filterable precipitate, these crystals remain suspended in the liquid, showcasing a colloidal system.A colloidal system involves colloidal particles within the approximate range of 1 to 1000 nm in at least one dimension, dispersed in a medium called the...
Colloids03:22

Colloids

Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles that are visible to the naked eye or can be seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. On the other hand, a solution is a homogeneous mixture in which no settling occurs and in which the dissolved...
Colloids and Suspensions01:17

Colloids and Suspensions

Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles visible to the naked eye or seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. The suspended particles in a suspension settle out after some time of mixing. The separation of particles from a suspension is...
Energetics of Solution Formation02:35

Energetics of Solution Formation

The formation of a solution is an example of a spontaneous process, which is a process that occurs under specified conditions without energy from some external source.
When the strengths of the intermolecular forces of attraction between solute and solvent species in a solution are no different than those present in the separated components, the solution is formed with no accompanying energy change. Formation of the solution requires the solute–solute and solvent–solvent electrostatic forces to...
Intermolecular Forces in Solutions02:28

Intermolecular Forces in Solutions

The formation of a solution is an example of a spontaneous process, a process that occurs under specified conditions without energy from some external source.
When the strengths of the intermolecular forces of attraction between solute and solvent species in a solution are no different than those present in the separated components, the solution is formed with no accompanying energy change. Such a solution is called an ideal solution. A mixture of ideal gases (or gases such as helium and argon,...
Theories of Dissolution: The Danckwerts' Model and Interfacial Barrier Model01:09

Theories of Dissolution: The Danckwerts' Model and Interfacial Barrier Model

Various dissolution theories provide insight into the factors that influence the dissolution rate. Danckwerts' Model suggests that turbulence, rather than a stagnant layer, characterizes the dissolution medium at the solid-liquid interface. In this model, the agitated solvent contains macroscopic packets that move to the interface via eddy currents, facilitating the absorption and delivery of the drug to the bulk solution. The regular replenishment of solvent packets maintains the concentration...

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Confocal Imaging of Confined Quiescent and Flowing Colloid-polymer Mixtures
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Self-consistent colloidal energy and diffusivity landscapes in macromolecular solutions.

Daniel J Beltran-Villegas1, Tara D Edwards, Michael A Bevan

  • 1Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States.

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Summary

This study quantifies colloidal forces and hydrodynamic interactions using Bayesian inference. It reveals how adsorbed and unadsorbed macromolecules influence particle energy landscapes and diffusion dynamics near surfaces.

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Area of Science:

  • Colloid and Surface Science
  • Polymer Physics
  • Soft Matter Dynamics

Background:

  • Understanding macromolecular interactions with surfaces is crucial for controlling colloidal behavior.
  • Simultaneous measurement of forces and hydrodynamics in complex fluid environments remains challenging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and apply a dynamic analysis method for simultaneously measuring colloidal forces and hydrodynamic interactions.
  • To investigate the influence of adsorbed and unadsorbed macromolecules on colloidal energy and diffusivity landscapes.
  • To elucidate the role of polymer architecture (copolymer vs. homopolymer) and concentration on interfacial phenomena.

Main Methods:

  • Employed Bayesian inference to analyze colloidal trajectories normal to a wall.
  • Self-consistently determined position-dependent potential energy (energy landscape) and diffusivity (diffusivity landscape).
  • Conducted experiments using particles and surfaces functionalized with adsorbed polyethylene oxide (PEO) copolymer under varying unadsorbed PEO homopolymer concentrations.

Main Results:

  • Energy landscapes were accurately modeled by steric repulsion from adsorbed polymer brushes and depletion attraction from free polymers.
  • Diffusivity landscapes aligned with theoretical predictions for short-range brush interactions and bulk viscosity-governed long-range mobility.
  • Observed reduced mobilities near overlapping depletion layers, attributed to coupled adsorbed-unadsorbed macromolecular interactions affecting lubrication forces.

Conclusions:

  • The study successfully quantifies coupled colloidal forces and hydrodynamics in macromolecular solutions.
  • Polymer adsorption, concentration, and architecture significantly shape interfacial energy and diffusion landscapes.
  • Non-conservative lubrication forces, modulated by macromolecular crowding, play a key role in near-surface colloidal dynamics.