Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Responses to Heat and Cold Stress

Responses to Heat and Cold Stress

Every organism has an optimum temperature range within which healthy growth and physiological functioning can occur. At the ends of this range, there will be a minimum and maximum temperature that interrupt biological processes.

Defenses Against Pathogens and Herbivores

Defenses Against Pathogens and Herbivores

Plants present a rich source of nutrients for many organisms, making it a target for herbivores and infectious agents. Plants, though lacking a proper immune system, have developed an array of constitutive and inducible defenses to fend off these attacks.

Introduction to Plant Diversity

Introduction to Plant Diversity

From Water to Land

Factors Influencing Microbial Growth: Temperature

Factors Influencing Microbial Growth: Temperature

Microorganisms display remarkable adaptations, enabling them to thrive in diverse ecological niches across a wide range of temperatures. Temperature profoundly influences microbial growth by affecting enzymatic activity, membrane fluidity, and other cellular processes.Each microorganism operates within a specific temperature range defined by three cardinal points: minimum, optimum, and maximum. Below the minimum temperature, membranes lose fluidity, halting transport processes. Above the...

Transcription

Transcription

Overview
Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in the proper synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA). Regulation of transcription is responsible for the differentiation of all the different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
Transcription Can Produce Different Kinds...

Microbe-Plant Interactions

Microbe-Plant Interactions

Microbe-plant interactions represent a dynamic spectrum of associations shaped by intricate chemical signaling. These interactions can be neutral, beneficial, or detrimental, and profoundly influence plant physiology, growth, and ecosystem function. The plant microbiome, comprising bacteria, fungi, archaea, protists, and viruses, plays a pivotal role in mediating these effects through surface colonization, internal colonization, or systemic symbiosis.Mutualistic associations, particularly with...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

19-Residue and 18-Residue Peptaibiotics Isolated from the Soil-Derived Fungus <i>Trichoderma</i> sp. XJ1083.

Journal of natural products·2026

Same author

An efficient natural product-derived theranostic fluorescent probe for carboxylesterase bioimaging and activatable therapy of colon tumors.

Bioorganic chemistry·2026

Same author

Coptidis Rhizoma Alkaloids Alleviate Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Injury by Regulating GSH Metabolism and the TNF Signaling Pathway.

Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)·2026

Same author

Pyrazine Derivatives with Osteoclast Differentiation Inhibitory Activities from the Endophytic Fungus <i>Alternaria</i> sp. HJT-Y7.

Journal of natural products·2026

Same author

Undescribed polyketides and alkaloids from the endophytic fungus Penicillium steckii HJT-A-10.

Phytochemistry·2026

Same author

Neuroprotective compounds from endophytic fungi metabolites of Rhodiola tibetica attenuate post-stroke deficits via multi-targeted modulation of neuroinflammation.

Bioorganic chemistry·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 7, 2026

Bacterial Leaf Infiltration Assay for Fine Characterization of Plant Defense Responses using the Arabidopsis thaliana-Pseudomonas syringae Pathosystem

Bacterial Leaf Infiltration Assay for Fine Characterization of Plant Defense Responses using the Arabidopsis thaliana-Pseudomonas syringae Pathosystem

Published on: October 1, 2015

Plant immune response to pathogens differs with changing temperatures.

Cheng Cheng¹, Xiquan Gao, Baomin Feng

¹1] Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Institute for Plant Genomics and Biotechnology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA [2].

Nature Communications

|September 27, 2013

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Plant immune responses shift with temperature. Plants activate effector-triggered immunity (ETI) at low temperatures and pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) at higher temperatures, adapting to pathogen changes.

More Related Videos

Assay for Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern (PAMP)-Triggered Immunity (PTI) in Plants

Assay for Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern (PAMP)-Triggered Immunity (PTI) in Plants

Published on: September 9, 2009

Inoculation Strategies to Infect Plant Roots with Soil-Borne Microorganisms

Inoculation Strategies to Infect Plant Roots with Soil-Borne Microorganisms

Published on: March 1, 2022

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 7, 2026

Bacterial Leaf Infiltration Assay for Fine Characterization of Plant Defense Responses using the Arabidopsis thaliana-Pseudomonas syringae Pathosystem

Bacterial Leaf Infiltration Assay for Fine Characterization of Plant Defense Responses using the Arabidopsis thaliana-Pseudomonas syringae Pathosystem

Published on: October 1, 2015

Assay for Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern (PAMP)-Triggered Immunity (PTI) in Plants

Assay for Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern (PAMP)-Triggered Immunity (PTI) in Plants

Published on: September 9, 2009

Inoculation Strategies to Infect Plant Roots with Soil-Borne Microorganisms

Inoculation Strategies to Infect Plant Roots with Soil-Borne Microorganisms

Published on: March 1, 2022

Area of Science:

Plant immunity
Plant-pathogen interactions
Environmental sensing

Background:

Microbial invasion and host evasion are influenced by temperature fluctuations.
Unlike mammals, plants experience daily temperature oscillations, impacting their immune system dynamics.
The mechanisms by which plants regulate inducible defenses against temperature variations are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate how ambient temperature changes affect distinct plant immune responses: pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI).
To elucidate the temperature-dependent activation patterns of PTI and ETI in plants.
To explore the implications of these findings in the context of plant-pathogen co-evolution.

Main Methods:

Comparative analysis of plant immune responses under varying ambient temperatures.
Utilized Arabidopsis mutants (arp6 and hta9hta11) to study the genetic basis of temperature-dependent immunity.
Correlated pathogen physiological changes (effector secretion, multiplication, PAMP production) with temperature.

Main Results:

Plants preferentially activate effector-triggered immunity (ETI) signaling at low temperatures (10–23°C).
Plants switch to pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) signaling at moderately elevated temperatures (23–32°C).
Arabidopsis mutants mimicking elevated temperature conditions showed enhanced PTI and reduced ETI responses.

Conclusions:

Ambient temperature fluctuations dynamically regulate the balance between PTI and ETI in plants.
Plant immune signaling adapts to temperature-driven shifts in pathogen behavior (e.g., effector secretion vs. multiplication).
Temperature oscillations likely drove the co-evolution of distinct plant immune responses tailored to pathogen physiological adaptations.