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Related Concept Videos

Observational Learning01:12

Observational Learning

Albert Bandura's observational learning, also known as imitation or modeling, occurs when a person observes and imitates another's behavior. It is a quicker process than operant conditioning. A well-known example is the Bobo doll study, where children who saw an adult acting aggressively towards the doll were more likely to act aggressively when left alone, compared to those who observed a nonaggressive adult. Many psychologists view observational learning as a form of latent learning because...
Effects of feedback01:24

Effects of feedback

Feedback in control systems plays a critical role in shaping various operational parameters, extending beyond simple error reduction to influence stability, bandwidth, gain, impedance, and sensitivity. Understanding these effects requires examining a basic feedback system characterized by defined input, output, error, and feedback signals.
Feedback significantly modifies the gain of a control system. The gain of a system without feedback is altered by a factor of one plus GH, where G represents...
Facial Feedback Hypothesis01:24

Facial Feedback Hypothesis

Charles Darwin proposed that facial expressions are an evolutionary adaptation for communication. He argued that these expressions are not influenced by culture but are universal across species. For example, a snarling expression with exposed teeth signals a threat in many animals, including humans. Darwin also suggested that displaying an emotion can intensify the feeling. Smiling, for example, could enhance one's sense of happiness. This idea laid the foundation for understanding the role of...
Associative Learning01:27

Associative Learning

Associative learning is a fundamental concept in behavioral psychology, wherein a connection is established between two stimuli or events, leading to a learned response. This process is critical in understanding how behaviors are acquired and modified. Conditioning, the mechanism through which associations are formed, can be divided into two main types: classical conditioning and operant conditioning, each elucidating different aspects of associative learning.
Classical conditioning, also known...
Cognitive Learning01:21

Cognitive Learning

Cognitive learning is based on purposive behavior, incidental learning, and insight learning.
E. C. Tolman's theory of purposive behavior emphasizes that much behavior is goal-directed. He argued that to understand behavior, we must look at the entire sequence of actions leading to a goal. For instance, high school students study hard, not just due to past reinforcement but also to achieve the goal of getting into a good college.
Tolman introduced the idea that behavior is influenced by...
Parallel Processing01:20

Parallel Processing

The brain processes sensory information rapidly due to parallel processing, which involves sending data across multiple neural pathways at the same time. This method allows the brain to manage various sensory qualities, such as shapes, colors, movements, and locations, all concurrently. For instance, when observing a forest landscape, the brain simultaneously processes the movement of leaves, the shapes of trees, the depth between them, and the various shades of green. This enables a quick and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 7, 2026

Using Eye Movements Recorded in the Visual World Paradigm to Explore the Online Processing of Spoken Language
09:27

Using Eye Movements Recorded in the Visual World Paradigm to Explore the Online Processing of Spoken Language

Published on: October 13, 2018

Video feedforward for rapid learning of a picture-based communication system.

Jemma Smith1, Linda Hand, Peter W Dowrick

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Auckland, PB 92019, Auckland, New Zealand, jems.smith@gmail.com.

Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders
|September 27, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Video self modeling (VSM) effectively taught communication skills to non-verbal individuals with autism and Down syndrome. This method offers a faster, simpler alternative to traditional augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) systems.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 7, 2026

Using Eye Movements Recorded in the Visual World Paradigm to Explore the Online Processing of Spoken Language
09:27

Using Eye Movements Recorded in the Visual World Paradigm to Explore the Online Processing of Spoken Language

Published on: October 13, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Applied Behavior Analysis
  • Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC)
  • Developmental Disabilities

Background:

  • Many non-verbal individuals struggle with traditional communication systems like the Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS).
  • Previous attempts to teach communication to the participants using PECS were unsuccessful.
  • There is a need for effective and accessible communication interventions for individuals with autism and Down syndrome.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of video self modeling (VSM) with feedforward as an alternative method for teaching Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) goals.
  • To determine if VSM can successfully teach communication skills to non-verbal individuals who have previously failed with PECS.
  • To assess the generalizability of learned communication behaviors through VSM.

Main Methods:

  • A single-subject research design with replications and varying baseline lengths was employed.
  • Video self modeling (VSM) was used to teach participants to use a picture-based communication system.
  • Participants included two non-verbal boys with autism and one non-verbal man with Down syndrome, all with histories of PECS failure.

Main Results:

  • All participants demonstrated rapid acquisition of target communication behaviors upon introduction to VSM videos.
  • The learned communication skills generalized to new situations without requiring additional prompting or intervention.
  • VSM proved effective in teaching the use of a picture-based communication system.

Conclusions:

  • Video self modeling (VSM) with feedforward offers a quick and straightforward method for teaching picture-based communication systems.
  • VSM can be an accessible and user-friendly alternative to conventional augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) teaching strategies.
  • This approach may overcome challenges faced by individuals with autism and Down syndrome using traditional PECS methods.