Glucose-sensitive polyelectrolyte nanocapsules based on layer-by-layer technique for protein drug delivery

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Science
• Nanotechnology
• Drug Delivery Systems

Background:

• Developing effective drug delivery systems is crucial for targeted and controlled therapeutic agent release.
• Glucose-responsive materials offer potential for smart drug delivery, particularly for conditions like diabetes.

Purpose of the Study:

• To fabricate and characterize novel glucose-responsive nanocapsules for potential use in controlled drug delivery.
• To evaluate the glucose sensitivity, drug encapsulation, and in vitro release profile of the developed nanocapsules.

Main Methods:

• Layer-by-layer self-assembly of modified chitosan (CS-NAC) and a random glycopolymer p(GAMA-r-AAPBA) around sacrificial SiO2 spheres.
• Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) for structural analysis and zeta potential measurements for glucose sensitivity evaluation.
• Encapsulation and in vitro release studies using insulin as a model protein drug, assessing release at different pH conditions.

Main Results:

• Spherical, hollow nanocapsules were successfully fabricated with no structural collapse after core removal.
• Reversible changes in zeta potential confirmed the glucose-responsive nature of the nanocapsules.
• The system demonstrated good insulin encapsulation capacity, with controlled release at physiological pH and minimal release in acidic conditions.

Conclusions:

• The fabricated CS-NAC/p(GAMA-r-AAPBA) nanocapsules exhibit excellent glucose responsiveness and biocompatibility.
• These nanocapsules are a feasible platform for controlled drug delivery, particularly for insulin, with potential for diabetes management.
• The study highlights the potential of layer-by-layer assembly for creating advanced nanocarriers for therapeutic applications.