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Related Concept Videos

Bioavailability Enhancement: Determination and Conceptual Approaches in Overcoming Bioavailability Problems01:22

Bioavailability Enhancement: Determination and Conceptual Approaches in Overcoming Bioavailability Problems

Bioavailability is a critical pharmacological concept that measures the extent and rate at which an active drug ingredient or therapeutic moiety enters the systemic circulation, remaining unchanged. It's a pivotal factor in determining a drug's efficacy and safety.The Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) plays an essential role in drug development by categorizing drugs into four classes based on their solubility and permeability. This classification aids in understanding drug absorption...
Bioavailability: Influencing Factors01:22

Bioavailability: Influencing Factors

Bioavailability refers to the extent and rate at which a drug reaches systemic circulation in its active form. Extent refers to the amount of the drug that makes it into circulation, while rate is the speed at which it enters circulation. It is influenced by several factors critical for optimizing drug formulations, dosing regimens, and therapeutic outcomes.Physicochemical properties of drugs and formulationsThe solubility, stability, and dissolution rate of a drug significantly impact its...
Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Stability Enhancement and GI Retention01:05

Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Stability Enhancement and GI Retention

Improving a drug's stability in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is paramount for enhancing its bioavailability and therapeutic effectiveness. Various strategies are employed to protect the drug from the harsh gastric milieu and to ensure its release and absorption at the desired site within the GI tract.Polymer coatings are one such method used to shield drugs from the stomach's acidic environment. By preventing premature drug release, these coatings improve the bioavailability of unstable...
Bioavailability: Overview01:17

Bioavailability: Overview

Bioavailability refers to the proportion of an administered drug that reaches the systemic circulation in its active, unaltered form. It is a crucial pharmacokinetic parameter that determines the effectiveness of a drug in achieving its intended therapeutic outcomes. The route of administration significantly influences bioavailability, with intravenous administration achieving 100% bioavailability as the drug directly enters the bloodstream. In contrast, oral administration often results in...
Bioavailability: Overview01:13

Bioavailability: Overview

Bioavailability refers to the proportion of an unaltered drug that, after administration, enters the systemic circulation and can be distributed to the desired action site. Factors such as gastrointestinal (GI) absorption and liver biotransformation influence the bioavailability of a drug when it is administered orally. When a drug is administered intravenously, it enters the systemic circulation directly; by definition, its bioavailability is assumed to be 100%. The bioavailability of an...
Pharmacokinetics: Drug–Food and Drug–Viral Interactions01:26

Pharmacokinetics: Drug–Food and Drug–Viral Interactions

A drug interaction occurs when the concurrent use of another drug, food, or an external substance alters the pharmacological activity of a drug. This interaction can modify the action of the original drug, affecting its effectiveness and safety.Drug–food interactions are significant as they impact drug absorption, metabolism, and excretion. For example, grapefruit juice is a well-known disruptor of drug metabolism. It inhibits the cytochrome P450 3A4 enzyme, crucial for the metabolism of many...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 7, 2026

Analyzing Beneficial Effects of Nutritional Supplements on Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Functions During Experimental Colitis
08:58

Analyzing Beneficial Effects of Nutritional Supplements on Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Functions During Experimental Colitis

Published on: January 5, 2017

[Food supplements--potential and limits: part 3].

Alexander Ströhle1, Maike Wolters, Andreas Hahn

  • 1Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institut für Lebensmittelwissenschaft und Humanernährung, Am Kleinen Felde 30, 30167 Hannover. stroehle@nutrition.uni-hannover.de

Medizinische Monatsschrift Fur Pharmazeuten
|September 28, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Elderly individuals face malnutrition risks due to aging, with vitamin B12 and D deficiencies being critical. Addressing these nutrient gaps is vital for senior health and preventing serious health issues.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 7, 2026

Analyzing Beneficial Effects of Nutritional Supplements on Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Functions During Experimental Colitis
08:58

Analyzing Beneficial Effects of Nutritional Supplements on Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Functions During Experimental Colitis

Published on: January 5, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Gerontology and Nutritional Science
  • Investigating the complex interplay between aging physiology and nutritional status in older adults.

Context:

  • Aging is linked to physiological changes like reduced muscle mass and altered appetite regulation, increasing malnutrition risk.
  • Elderly populations are diverse, with institutionalized individuals and those needing care often exhibiting significant malnutrition.
  • Specific nutrient deficiencies, particularly vitamin B12 and vitamin D, are prevalent and impactful in the elderly.

Purpose:

  • To highlight the critical role of vitamin B12 and vitamin D in the health of aging populations.
  • To identify the prevalence and causes of vitamin B12 and vitamin D deficiencies in the elderly.
  • To underscore the health risks associated with these deficiencies, including neurodegeneration and bone loss.

Summary:

  • Aging processes contribute to malnutrition risk, with significant portions of the elderly experiencing vitamin B12 and vitamin D deficiencies.
  • Vitamin B12 deficiency, often due to malabsorption, is linked to neurodegenerative diseases and bone loss.
  • Vitamin D deficiency, caused by reduced synthesis, sun exposure, and diet, elevates risks for falls, fractures, and neurodegeneration.

Impact:

  • Highlights the critical need for targeted nutritional interventions for the elderly.
  • Emphasizes the importance of monitoring and supplementing vitamin B12 and vitamin D to mitigate age-related health risks.
  • Provides crucial insights for healthcare professionals and policymakers regarding geriatric nutrition and public health strategies.