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Related Concept Videos

Self-Evaluation: Self-Enhancement and Self-Verification03:00

Self-Evaluation: Self-Enhancement and Self-Verification

Social psychologists have documented that feeling good about ourselves and maintaining positive self-esteem is a powerful motivator of human behavior (Tavris & Aronson, 2008). In the United States, members of the predominant culture typically think very highly of themselves and view themselves as good people who are above average on many desirable traits (Ehrlinger, Gilovich, & Ross, 2005). Often, our behavior, attitudes, and beliefs are affected when we experience a threat to our...
Social Foundations of Self II: The Generalized Other01:20

Social Foundations of Self II: The Generalized Other

According to George Herbert Mead, as children progress beyond the game stage, they develop a more comprehensive understanding of societal rules and norms. This cognitive and social development enables them to internalize the expectations of the broader community, refining their ability to regulate behavior.Consistent participation in organized activities is crucial in helping children recognize that their actions are not isolated but contribute to a more significant, interconnected group effort.
Strategies of Self-Presentation II: Self-Verification01:17

Strategies of Self-Presentation II: Self-Verification

Self-verification is a fundamental psychological drive wherein individuals seek affirmation of their self-concept from others, striving for consistency between their internal self-view and external perceptions. This drive operates even when the self-concept is negative, influencing interpersonal behavior and feedback preferences in complex and often counterintuitive ways. Unlike the self-enhancement motive, which seeks positive evaluations, self-verification prioritizes coherence and...
Self-Concept01:19

Self-Concept

Self-concept is the cognitive and emotional understanding individuals hold about their identity. It evolves through various developmental stages, beginning in infancy and maturing as children grow. This concept influences how individuals perceive their abilities, interact with others, and manage challenges throughout life.
Infancy and Emerging Recognition
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Self-Awareness and Its Effects01:21

Self-Awareness and Its Effects

Self-awareness is a psychological state in which the individual becomes the focal point of their attention. This inward focus transforms the self into an object of contemplation and assessment, influencing how individuals perceive their actions and their alignment with personal and societal standards.Triggers and Contexts for Self-AwarenessSelf-awareness can be activated by external stimuli that make individuals visually or audibly aware of themselves, such as mirrors, cameras, or recordings.
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Introspection

Introspection, long upheld as a reliable route to self-knowledge, involves examining one's thoughts, emotions, and mental processes. It underpins many psychological practices, from mindfulness meditation to psychotherapy and self-help strategies. However, empirical evidence challenges the accuracy of introspection as a means of understanding oneself.Limitations of Introspective InsightSeminal work by Nisbett and Wilson demonstrated that individuals are frequently unaware of the true causes...

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Related Experiment Video

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Experimental Paradigm for Measuring the Effects of Self-distancing in Young Children
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Self-vision testing and intervention seeking behavior among school children: a pilot study.

Parveen Rewri1, Mukesh Kakkar, Dharamvir Raghav

  • 1Radhaswamy Eye Hospital , Barwala, Hisar, Haryana , India and.

Ophthalmic Epidemiology
|September 28, 2013
PubMed
Summary

School children can effectively self-examine their vision using the Self-Assisted Vision Examination (SAVE) method. This approach shows high accuracy in identifying vision problems, with many students seeking and obtaining necessary glasses.

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A Method to Quantify Visual Information Processing in Children Using Eye Tracking

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Public Health
  • Pediatric Vision Screening

Background:

  • Refractive error is a leading cause of visual impairment in school-aged children globally.
  • Current school vision testing methods involve diverse professionals with variable success rates.
  • Effective vision screening is crucial for addressing childhood visual impairment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficiency and reliability of a self-assisted vision examination (SAVE) method for school children.
  • To assess the rate of intervention uptake for refraction and subsequent spectacle wear among students.
  • To pilot a novel approach for vision screening in rural Indian schools.

Main Methods:

  • A pilot study involving 7411 students (6th-12th grade) across 25 rural Indian schools.
  • Direct demonstration of the Self-Assisted Vision Examination (SAVE) methodology to students for self-screening.
  • Calculation of sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values compared to professional screening.
  • Assessment of refraction referral and spectacle procurement rates during follow-up visits.

Main Results:

  • The SAVE strategy demonstrated high accuracy: sensitivity of 96.22% and specificity of 90.23%.
  • Positive and negative predictive values were 90.83% and 95.95%, respectively.
  • At follow-up, 66% of referred students underwent refraction, and 81% of those wore glasses.

Conclusions:

  • The Self-Assisted Vision Examination (SAVE) offers a valid, simple, and acceptable alternative for school vision screening.
  • SAVE shows promise in improving vision care accessibility for school children.
  • Further research is needed to understand factors influencing spectacle procurement and consistent use.