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Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

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Type 1 diabetes mellitus arises from an immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β-cells, resulting in an absolute deficiency of insulin. This process develops in genetically susceptible individuals when autoimmunity, environmental exposures, and immunologic dysregulation converge to trigger a targeted attack on the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas. The β-cells are located within the islets of Langerhans and are essential for regulating blood glucose by facilitating cellular uptake of...

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Type II Diabetes I: Introduction

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Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance, in which target tissues such as the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue respond poorly to insulin. It is also associated with inadequate compensatory insulin secretion, where pancreatic β-cells fail to produce sufficient insulin. Together, these abnormalities lead to persistent hyperglycemia.EtiologyT2DM develops through a complex interaction of genetic predisposition and environmental or...

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Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

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Accelerated Type 1 Diabetes Induction in Mice by Adoptive Transfer of Diabetogenic CD4+ T Cells

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Understanding type 1 diabetes: etiology and models.

Satarupa Acharjee¹, Bijaya Ghosh¹, Bandar E Al-Dhubiab²

¹NSHM College of Pharmaceutical Technology, NSHM Knowledge Campus, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.

Canadian Journal of Diabetes

|September 28, 2013

Summary

Type 1 diabetes research utilizes various animal models to understand disease mechanisms and test treatments. This review focuses on genetic models for type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Keywords:

NOD mice diabète sucré de type 1 histocompatibility histocompatibilité methods model modèle méthodes primate rodent rongeur souris NOD transgenic transgénique type1 diabetes mellitus virus

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Area of Science:

Immunology and Genetics
Endocrinology and Metabolism
Animal Model Development

Background:

Type 1 diabetes results from genetic susceptibility, immune dysregulation, and environmental factors.
Animal models are crucial for understanding type 1 diabetes pathophysiology and screening potential treatments.
Developing effective type 1 diabetes models is essential for advancing research.

Purpose of the Study:

To review and categorize existing animal models for type 1 diabetes.
To emphasize the role of genetics in type 1 diabetes model development.
To provide a comprehensive overview for researchers in the field.

Main Methods:

Categorization of type 1 diabetes models into three main approaches:
1. Spontaneous diabetes mellitus strains
2. Gene-transfer induced diabetes-prone species
3. Chemical or surgical islet cell destruction

Main Results:

Identified three primary strategies for creating type 1 diabetes animal models.
Highlighted the significance of genetic factors across different model types.
Discussed the utility of each model category in diabetes research.

Conclusions:

Animal models are indispensable tools for type 1 diabetes research.
Genetic manipulation and spontaneous genetic models offer valuable insights.
Further development of diverse models will accelerate therapeutic discoveries for type 1 diabetes.