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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 7, 2026

Systematic Approach to Identify Novel Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Molecules from Plants' Extracts and Fractions to Prevent Dental Caries
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Substantial reduction in caries from regular fluoride varnish application.

Derek Richards1

  • 1Centre for Evidence-based Dentistry, Oxford, UK.

Evidence-Based Dentistry
|September 28, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Fluoride varnish significantly reduces cavities in both permanent and primary teeth, showing a 43% and 37% prevented fraction, respectively. However, the evidence quality is moderate due to high risk of bias and heterogeneity in studies.

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Area of Science:

  • Dental Public Health
  • Cariology
  • Preventive Dentistry

Background:

  • Dental caries remains a significant global health issue.
  • Fluoride varnish is a widely used preventive measure.
  • Evidence on its efficacy requires regular updates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and meta-analyze the efficacy of fluoride varnish in preventing dental caries.
  • To assess the quality of evidence and identify sources of heterogeneity.

Main Methods:

  • Searched multiple databases including Cochrane Oral Health Group's Trials Register, CENTRAL, Medline, Embase, CINAHL, LILACS, BBO, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, Web of Science Conference Proceedings, and ClinicalTrials.gov.
  • Included randomized or quasi-randomized controlled trials comparing fluoride varnish to placebo or no treatment for at least one year, with blind outcome assessment.
  • Extracted data and performed random-effects meta-analyses, calculating the prevented fraction for caries increments near three years. Assessed risk of bias and heterogeneity.

Main Results:

  • Included 22 trials with 12,455 participants.
  • Fluoride varnish showed a 43% prevented fraction for permanent tooth surfaces (95% CI 30% to 57%) and 37% for primary teeth (95% CI 24% to 51%).
  • Substantial heterogeneity was noted in both analyses (I(2) = 75% and 59%), with evidence assessed as moderate quality.

Conclusions:

  • Fluoride varnish demonstrates a substantial caries-inhibiting effect in both permanent and primary teeth.
  • The overall quality of evidence is moderate, primarily due to a high risk of bias in included studies and considerable heterogeneity.
  • Further high-quality research is needed to confirm findings and explore adverse effects.