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Related Concept Videos

Pneumonia V: Nursing management and Prevention01:30

Pneumonia V: Nursing management and Prevention

Nursing management of pneumonia involves promoting airway patency, facilitating rest and conserving energy, encouraging fluid intake, maintaining nutrition, and educating patients.
The nurse must practice strict medical asepsis and adhere to infection control guidelines to minimize healthcare-associated infections.
Enhance airway patency
Position the patient correctly to facilitate drainage of the affected lung segments. Manual or mechanical percussion and vibration can also be employed.
Mechanical Ventilation III: Noninvasive Ventilation01:23

Mechanical Ventilation III: Noninvasive Ventilation

Noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation (NIPPV), continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), and bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP) are essential methods in respiratory care. These ventilation techniques offer unique benefits for patients with various respiratory conditions, providing adequate support without requiring intubation. Let's explore how each method is crucial in improving patient outcomes and enhancing respiratory therapy.
Noninvasive Positive-Pressure Ventilation (NIPPV)
Oxygen Delivering System II: Venturi Mask and Transtracheal Oxygen01:16

Oxygen Delivering System II: Venturi Mask and Transtracheal Oxygen

Oxygen therapy is a pivotal aspect of medical care, particularly for patients with respiratory ailments. Two prominent oxygen-delivering systems include the Venturi mask and the transtracheal oxygen catheter.
Venturi Mask
The Venturi mask, named after the Venturi effect, is designed to deliver precise oxygen concentrations. It consists of a large tube with an oxygen inlet that narrows down, causing a pressure drop that pulls air in through adjustable side ports. The mask is a lightweight,...
Pneumonia I: Introduction01:30

Pneumonia I: Introduction

Pneumonia is an acute respiratory infection that targets the lungs, specifically the alveoli. These tiny air sacs, essential for oxygen exchange, become engorged with pus and fluid, severely hindering breathing, decreasing oxygen absorption, and causing significant pain and discomfort during respiration.
Risk Factors
Various factors influence the likelihood of developing pneumonia. Age plays a crucial role, with infants, children under two, and individuals over 65 at increased risk due to their...
Pneumonia I: Introduction01:29

Pneumonia I: Introduction

Pneumonia is an infection of the lower respiratory tract that leads to inflammation of the lung parenchyma, often resulting in the accumulation of inflammatory exudate in the alveoli and airways. Unlike the watery, low-protein fluid exudate in pulmonary edema, the exudate in this case is a thick fluid rich in immune cells, proteins, and debris produced during infection and inflammation.This impairs gas exchange and can lead to consolidation of lung tissue. The infection may be caused by a...
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation II: ACLS Airway Management01:22

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation II: ACLS Airway Management

Airway management is a key skill in emergency and critical care settings, as maintaining a clear airway is essential for adequate oxygenation and ventilation.Head Tilt-Chin Lift TechniqueThe head tilt-chin lift maneuver is an essential technique primarily used in patients without suspected cervical spine injuries. To perform this maneuver, one hand is placed on the patient’s forehead, and gentle pressure is applied backward to tilt the head. The fingertips of the other hand are positioned under...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 7, 2026

Murine Oropharyngeal Aspiration Model of Ventilator-associated and Hospital-acquired Bacterial Pneumonia
04:32

Murine Oropharyngeal Aspiration Model of Ventilator-associated and Hospital-acquired Bacterial Pneumonia

Published on: June 28, 2018

Toothbrushing may reduce ventilator-associated pneumonia.

Huda Yusuf1

  • 1Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL, London, UK.

Evidence-Based Dentistry
|September 28, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Toothbrushing may reduce ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in critically ill patients. While not impacting mortality or ICU stay, evidence suggests a trend toward lower VAP rates with regular oral care.

Area of Science:

  • Critical Care Medicine
  • Infectious Disease Prevention
  • Respiratory Care

Background:

  • Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a significant complication in mechanically ventilated patients.
  • Oral care practices, including toothbrushing, are crucial for preventing VAP.
  • The efficacy of toothbrushing in reducing VAP requires further investigation through systematic review.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the effectiveness of toothbrushing for VAP prevention.
  • To compare different oral care interventions, including toothbrushing, in mechanically ventilated adults.
  • To assess the impact of toothbrushing on VAP rates, ICU stay, and mortality.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature search across multiple databases (Embase, Medline, CINAHL, Cochrane) and trial registries.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 7, 2026

Murine Oropharyngeal Aspiration Model of Ventilator-associated and Hospital-acquired Bacterial Pneumonia
04:32

Murine Oropharyngeal Aspiration Model of Ventilator-associated and Hospital-acquired Bacterial Pneumonia

Published on: June 28, 2018

  • Inclusion of RCTs comparing toothbrushing with other oral care or control in adults on mechanical ventilation.
  • Data extraction and quality assessment using the Cochrane risk of bias tool, with results synthesized via a random effects model.

    • Main Results:

    • Six trials with 1408 patients were included; four trials showed a trend toward reduced VAP rates.
    • The single low-risk-of-bias trial indicated toothbrushing significantly decreased VAP (RR 0.26, CI 0.10-0.67).
    • Chlorhexidine use may diminish toothbrushing's VAP-reducing effect; electric vs. manual toothbrushing showed no significant difference.

    Conclusions:

    • Randomized trials suggest toothbrushing is associated with a trend towards lower VAP rates in intubated, mechanically ventilated patients.
    • No significant difference was observed between electric and manual toothbrushing in VAP prevention.
    • Toothbrushing does not appear to influence ICU mortality, hospital mortality, or ICU length of stay.