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Related Concept Videos

Phase Transitions01:21

Phase Transitions

A phase transition is the process in which a substance changes from one state of matter to another, like from a solid to a liquid, liquid to gas, or vice versa, at a specific temperature and under given pressure conditions. This change is spontaneous and is affected by alterations in temperature and pressure. These parameters impact the strength of the forces between molecules (intermolecular forces) in the substance.During a phase transition, both the initial and final phases of the substance...
Phase Transitions02:31

Phase Transitions

Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to occupy...
Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing02:39

Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing

Heating a crystalline solid increases the average energy of its atoms, molecules, or ions, and the solid gets hotter. At some point, the added energy becomes large enough to partially overcome the forces holding the molecules or ions of the solid in their fixed positions, and the solid begins the process of transitioning to the liquid state or melting. At this point, the temperature of the solid stops rising, despite the continual input of heat, and it remains constant until all of the solid is...
Phase Transitions: Vaporization and Condensation02:39

Phase Transitions: Vaporization and Condensation

The physical form of a substance changes on changing its temperature. For example, raising the temperature of a liquid causes the liquid to vaporize (convert into vapor). The process is called vaporization—a surface phenomenon. Vaporization occurs when the thermal motion of the molecules overcome the intermolecular forces, and the molecules (at the surface) escape into the gaseous state. When a liquid vaporizes in a closed container, gas molecules cannot escape. As these gas phase molecules...
Phase Diagram01:19

Phase Diagram

The phase of a given substance depends on the pressure and temperature. Thus, plots of pressure versus temperature showing the phase in each region provide considerable insights into the thermal properties of substances. Such plots are known as phase diagrams. For instance, in the phase diagram for water (Figure 1), the solid curve boundaries between the phases indicate phase transitions (i.e., temperatures and pressures at which the phases coexist).
Phase Diagram01:24

Phase Diagram

A phase diagram is a graphical representation of the physical states of a substance under different conditions of temperature and pressure. It shows the boundaries between solid, liquid, and gas phases and the conditions at which these phases coexist in equilibrium. An area in a phase diagram represents a single phase, whereas lines or phase boundaries represent the equilibrium between two phases.In the phase diagram of water, the boundary line between the solid and liquid states illustrates...

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Orientational Transition in a Liquid Crystal Triggered by the Thermodynamic Growth of Interfacial Wetting Sheets
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Published on: May 15, 2017

Topological phase transition without gap closing.

Motohiko Ezawa1, Yukio Tanaka, Naoto Nagaosa

  • 1Department of Applied Physics, University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, 113-8656, Japan.

Scientific Reports
|September 28, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study reveals that topological phase transitions can occur without closing the energy gap. This is achieved by altering system symmetries, connecting distinct topological phases through a continuous process.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed matter physics
  • Materials science
  • Quantum mechanics

Background:

  • Topological phase transitions typically involve gap closing and adiabaticity breakdown.
  • The bulk-edge correspondence links bulk topological numbers to edge states.
  • Conventional understanding necessitates gap closing for topological number changes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate that topological phase transitions can occur without closing the energy gap.
  • To propose generic principles for continuous topological phase transitions under changing symmetries.
  • To explore novel pathways for manipulating topological states in materials.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical analysis of topological phase transitions.
  • Investigation of symmetry changes during phase transitions.
  • Demonstration using various physical systems (e.g., 1D polyacetylene, 2D silicene, HgTe quantum wells, 3D superconductors).

Main Results:

  • Two topologically distinct phases can be continuously connected without gap closing.
  • Symmetry changes during the process enable this gapless transition.
  • The topological number remains well-defined by detouring around the gap closing point.

Conclusions:

  • Gap closing is not a universal requirement for topological phase transitions.
  • Symmetry engineering offers a new route to achieve continuous topological transitions.
  • This finding expands the understanding of topological states and their manipulation in quantum materials.