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The ureters are retroperitoneal tubes located on either side of the vertebral column. They are responsible for transporting urine from each kidney to the urinary bladder. These tubes have thick walls and are approximately 25-30 cm long. Their diameter is around 10 mm at the renal pelvis, gradually narrowing to 1 mm as the ureter obliquely enters the posterior bladder wall through the ureteric orifices. The shape of these orifices is slit-like, which helps to prevent urine backflow toward the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 7, 2026

Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction Model for Investigating Kidney Interstitial Fibrosis

Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction Model for Investigating Kidney Interstitial Fibrosis

Published on: April 25, 2025

Unilateral ureteral obstruction: beyond obstruction.

Alvaro C Ucero¹, Alberto Benito-Martin, Maria C Izquierdo

¹Unidad de Diálisis, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Av. Reyes Católicos, 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain, acucero@fjd.es.

International Urology and Nephrology

|September 28, 2013

Summary

The unilateral ureteral obstruction model reveals molecular mechanisms of kidney injury, inflammation, and fibrosis. This research aids in discovering new therapeutic targets for kidney disease.

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Area of Science:

Nephrology
Experimental Pathology
Renal Physiology

Background:

Unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) is a widely used experimental model for studying renal injury.
This model mimics subacute kidney injury, including tubular cell damage, inflammation, and fibrosis, relevant to acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease.
While not ideal for assessing global kidney function, the UUO model offers a low mortality rate and an internal control (non-obstructed kidney).

Purpose of the Study:

To review the experimental unilateral ureteral obstruction model and its contributions to understanding kidney injury and fibrosis.
To highlight the model's utility in elucidating molecular mechanisms underlying renal pathology.
To identify potential novel therapeutic targets for kidney injury and fibrosis, irrespective of the initial cause.

Main Methods:

The review synthesizes findings from experimental studies utilizing the unilateral ureteral obstruction model.
Focuses on research that has investigated molecular pathways, cellular processes, and physiological changes in the obstructed kidney.
Includes recent advancements concerning epithelial-mesenchymal transition, cell cycle arrest, Klotho, and renal innervation.

Main Results:

The UUO model has elucidated key molecular mechanisms of apoptosis, inflammation, and fibrosis in kidney injury.
It has provided critical insights into the role of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and tubular epithelial cell G2/M arrest in renal fibrosis.
The model has also advanced understanding of the anti-aging hormone Klotho and renal innervation in kidney disease progression.

Conclusions:

The unilateral ureteral obstruction model is a valuable tool for studying the pathogenesis of kidney injury and fibrosis.
It facilitates the identification of fundamental molecular and cellular processes involved in renal damage.
This model aids in the discovery of novel therapeutic strategies for kidney diseases, applicable beyond obstruction-induced injury.