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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 7, 2026

Experimental Investigation of the Flow Structure over a Delta Wing Via Flow Visualization Methods

Experimental Investigation of the Flow Structure over a Delta Wing Via Flow Visualization Methods

Published on: April 23, 2018

Hawkmoth flight stability in turbulent vortex streets.

Victor Manuel Ortega-Jimenez¹, Jeremy S M Greeter, Rajat Mittal

¹Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.

The Journal of Experimental Biology

|September 28, 2013

Summary

Flying insects like hawkmoths experience significant yaw oscillations when navigating vortex streets. These flight disturbances are generally smaller in the wake of smaller cylinders, impacting flight performance and air speed.

Keywords:

Manduca sexta stability turbulence unsteady flows von Kármán vortex wind tunnel

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Area of Science:

Aerodynamics
Animal Flight
Bio-inspired Engineering

Background:

Vortex shedding is a common atmospheric phenomenon across various scales.
The impact of atmospheric vortices on flying animal performance remains largely unexplored.
Understanding these interactions is crucial for fields like bio-inspired flight and aerodynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate how different scales of vortices affect hawkmoth flight performance.
To quantify changes in body orientation, wingbeat parameters, and air speed in response to vortex streets.

Main Methods:

Seven hawkmoths (Manduca sexta) were trained to fly in a wind tunnel.
Moths flew in steady flow (control) and in the von Kármán vortex street generated by 10 cm and 5 cm cylinders.
Flight performance was measured at various speeds (0.5, 1, 2 m/s) and distances (5, 25, 100 cm) upstream of the moths.

Main Results:

Moths exhibited significant yaw, roll, and pitch oscillations in vortex wakes, with increased wingbeat frequency.
Yaw and roll oscillations synchronized with vortex shedding frequencies, particularly behind the larger cylinder.
Body orientation oscillations were smaller in the wake of the small cylinder compared to the large one; moths achieved lower air speeds in wakes.

Conclusions:

Vortex streets induce substantial body oscillations in hawkmoths, affecting flight stability and speed.
The scale of the vortex-generating object influences the magnitude of flight disturbances.
Flight effects diminish with increasing distance from the vortex-generating cylinders.