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Related Concept Videos

Frequency-dependent Selection01:21

Frequency-dependent Selection

When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.

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Tactile Conditioning And Movement Analysis Of Antennal Sampling Strategies In Honey Bees (Apis mellifera L.)
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Published on: December 12, 2012

Color-dependent learning in restrained Africanized honey bees.

C M Jernigan1, D W Roubik, W T Wcislo

  • 1Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Panama, Republic of Panama.

The Journal of Experimental Biology
|September 28, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Africanized honey bees readily learned color associations using the proboscis extension response (PER) protocol without antennal amputation. This breakthrough allows for new research into bee visual learning and neural mechanisms.

Keywords:
Apis melliferaClassical conditioningProboscis extension response

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Behavioural Pharmacology in Classical Conditioning of the Proboscis Extension Response in Honeybees (Apis mellifera)
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Visual Classical Conditioning in Wood Ants
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Published on: October 5, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Behavioral Ecology
  • Neuroethology
  • Insect Cognition

Background:

  • Associative color learning in European honey bees is poor under restraint unless antennae are amputated, hindering study of visual processing.
  • Understanding proximate mechanisms of visual information processing in honey bees is limited by current experimental constraints.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the learning performance of Africanized honey bees (AHBs) under restrained conditions using the proboscis extension response (PER) protocol.
  • To determine if antennal amputation is necessary for associative color learning in AHBs.
  • To explore the potential for studying visual and multimodal learning in intact, restrained AHBs.

Main Methods:

  • AHBs were trained to associate color stimuli (blue, green, violet LEDs) with a sugar-water reward using the PER protocol.
  • Evaluated both absolute learning (stimulus-reward association) and discriminant learning (stimulus discrimination).
  • Compared learning and memory performance between absolute and discriminant tasks, and with and without antennal amputation.

Main Results:

  • Restrained AHBs successfully learned color associations for blue and green stimuli in both absolute and discriminant tasks within seven trials.
  • Learning was not achieved with violet as the rewarded color.
  • 24-hour memory retention significantly improved in the discrimination task (15-55%) compared to the absolute association task.
  • Antennal amputation was found to be unnecessary and detrimental to learning performance in AHBs.

Conclusions:

  • Associative color learning is feasible in intact, restrained Africanized honey bees using the PER protocol.
  • The PER protocol with intact AHBs provides a viable model for investigating visual and multimodal learning.
  • This research facilitates the application of neural techniques to study learning mechanisms in honey bees.