Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Cranial and Spinal Meninges01:19

Cranial and Spinal Meninges

The cranial and spinal meninges are complex protective structures surrounding the central nervous system (CNS), consisting of the brain and spinal cord. These meninges consist of the dura mater, the arachnoid mater, and the pia mater. They protect the CNS, provide structural support, and aid in circulating cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
Cranial Meninges
These meningeal layers cover the cranium. The dura mater is the outermost layer of cranial meninges. It is a thick and durable membrane of dense...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Anti-Nogo-A NG101 treatment induces changes in spinal cord micro- and macrostructure following spinal cord injury.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Neuronal plasticity during motor rehabilitation training after spinal cord injury.

Communications biology·2026
Same author

Vicarious efficacy of tirzepatide in a cohabiting couple: An observational case report.

Obesity pillars·2025
Same author

Safety and efficacy of intrathecal antibodies to Nogo-A in patients with acute cervical spinal cord injury: a randomised, double-blind, multicentre, placebo-controlled, phase 2b trial.

The Lancet. Neurology·2024
Same author

Temporal dynamics of white and gray matter plasticity during motor skill acquisition: a comparative diffusion tensor imaging and multiparametric mapping analysis.

Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)·2024
Same author

Correction: mRNA vaccine development during the COVID-19 pandemic: a retrospective review from the perspective of the Swiss affiliate of a global biopharmaceutical company.

Journal of pharmaceutical policy and practice·2023

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 7, 2026

Minimally Invasive Cisterna Magna Injection Model for Leptomeningeal Metastasis Studies in Mice
07:14

Minimally Invasive Cisterna Magna Injection Model for Leptomeningeal Metastasis Studies in Mice

Published on: May 23, 2025

Extradural spinal cavernous malformation: a rare but important mimic.

Tim Killeen1, Adam Czaplinski, Evaldas Cesnulis

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, Swiss Neuro Institute , Klinik Hirslanden, Zurich , Switzerland.

British Journal of Neurosurgery
|October 1, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Extradural spinal cavernous malformations (ESCMs) are rare vascular lesions. Surgical resection offers excellent outcomes, with most patients fully recovering after treatment for these spinal cord compression causes.

Keywords:
cavernous malformationepidemiologyextraduralmagnetic resonance imagingspine

More Related Videos

Intraoperative Ultrasound in Spinal Surgery
05:53

Intraoperative Ultrasound in Spinal Surgery

Published on: August 17, 2022

Comprehensive Endovascular and Open Surgical Management of Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations
14:58

Comprehensive Endovascular and Open Surgical Management of Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations

Published on: October 20, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 7, 2026

Minimally Invasive Cisterna Magna Injection Model for Leptomeningeal Metastasis Studies in Mice
07:14

Minimally Invasive Cisterna Magna Injection Model for Leptomeningeal Metastasis Studies in Mice

Published on: May 23, 2025

Intraoperative Ultrasound in Spinal Surgery
05:53

Intraoperative Ultrasound in Spinal Surgery

Published on: August 17, 2022

Comprehensive Endovascular and Open Surgical Management of Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations
14:58

Comprehensive Endovascular and Open Surgical Management of Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations

Published on: October 20, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Neurosurgery
  • Vascular Neurology
  • Spinal Surgery

Background:

  • Purely extradural spinal cavernous malformations (ESCMs) are uncommon vascular lesions.
  • While rare, reported cases of ESCMs appear to be increasing in frequency.
  • Diagnosis and management of ESCMs present unique challenges in spinal surgery.

Observation:

  • A 44-year-old woman with progressive back pain and neurological deficits presented with a T1-4 extradural lesion causing cord compression.
  • MRI revealed a well-circumscribed mass encroaching into the T2/3 neural foramen; angiography confirmed a vascular blush.
  • Review of 71 cases showed ESCMs commonly cause myelopathy (56%) and radiculopathy (39%), with a predilection for the dorsal thoracic spine (68%).

Findings:

  • ESCMs often present insidiously, but 30% experience sudden neurological decline due to hemorrhage.
  • Typical MRI findings include hypo- to isointensity on T1 and hyperintensity on T2, with avid gadolinium enhancement.
  • Misdiagnosis as meningioma or nerve sheath tumor is common, highlighting the need for accurate pre-operative imaging.

Implications:

  • Microsurgical resection is the mainstay of treatment, with 95% undergoing total resection.
  • Excellent surgical outcomes are achieved, with 77% of patients fully recovering and 23% improving.
  • Prompt diagnosis and surgical intervention are crucial, as acutely presenting patients have a higher risk of residual deficits.