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Related Concept Videos

Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability. Many...
Classification of Elements and Compounds02:54

Classification of Elements and Compounds

Pure substances consist of only one type of matter. A pure substance can be an element or a compound. An element consists of only one type of atom, while a compound consists of two or more types of atoms held together by a chemical bond. Elements are classified as atomic or molecular based on the nature of their basic units.
Compounds are pure substances composed of two or more elements in fixed, definite proportions. Compounds are classified as ionic or molecular (covalent) based on the bonds...
Ionic Compounds: Formulas and Nomenclature03:34

Ionic Compounds: Formulas and Nomenclature

An element composed of atoms that readily lose electrons (a metal) can react with an element composed of atoms that readily gain electrons (a nonmetal) to produce ions through complete electron transfer. The compound formed by this transfer is stabilized by the electrostatic attractions (ionic bonds) between the oppositely charged ions.
Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

Molecular and Ionic Solids

Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer02:48

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer

Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions.
Types of Chemical Bonds02:37

Types of Chemical Bonds

Chemical bonding theories were pioneered by American chemist Gilbert N. Lewis. He developed a model called the Lewis model to explain the type and formation of different bonds. Chemical bonding is central to chemistry; it explains how atoms or ions bond together to form molecules. It explains why some bonds are strong and others are weak, or why one carbon bonds with two oxygens and not three; why water is H2O and not H4O.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 7, 2026

Combining Solid-state and Solution-based Techniques: Synthesis and Reactivity of Chalcogenidoplumbates(II or IV)
10:42

Combining Solid-state and Solution-based Techniques: Synthesis and Reactivity of Chalcogenidoplumbates(II or IV)

Published on: December 29, 2016

Condensed astatine: monatomic and metallic.

Andreas Hermann1, Roald Hoffmann, N W Ashcroft

  • 1School of Physics and Astronomy and Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3JZ, United Kingdom and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|October 1, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Astatine, the halogen element 85, is predicted to be a monatomic metal in its condensed phase. This study explores its potential as a superconductor using advanced computational methods.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed matter physics
  • Quantum chemistry
  • Materials science

Background:

  • Astatine (element 85) is a halogen with largely unknown condensed matter properties.
  • Despite its discovery over 70 years ago, experimental investigation of condensed astatine remains challenging.
  • Advances in experimental techniques now permit theoretical inquiry into its condensed phase properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the condensed matter properties of astatine.
  • To predict the structural and electronic characteristics of condensed astatine.
  • To explore the potential for astatine to exhibit novel physical phenomena, such as superconductivity.

Main Methods:

  • Density functional theory (DFT) calculations.
  • Structural selection algorithms.
  • Inclusion of relativistic effects, crucial for heavy elements.

Main Results:

  • Condensed astatine is predicted to be a monatomic metal at 1 atm.
  • Relativistic effects significantly influence astatine's properties.
  • Astatine exhibits distinct properties compared to iodine.

Conclusions:

  • Astatine possesses unique condensed matter characteristics, differing significantly from iodine.
  • The predicted metallic and monatomic nature of astatine opens new avenues for materials science.
  • Further research into condensed astatine may reveal potential superconducting properties.