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Related Concept Videos

Magnetic Field due to Moving Charges01:23

Magnetic Field due to Moving Charges

A stationary charge creates and interacts with the electric field, while a moving charge creates a magnetic field.
Consider a point charge moving with a constant velocity. Like the electric field, the magnetic field at any point is directly proportional to the magnitude of the charge and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the source point and the field point. However, unlike the electric field, the magnetic field is always perpendicular to the plane containing the line...
Magnetic Vector Potential01:15

Magnetic Vector Potential

In electrostatics, the electric field can be written as the negative gradient of the potential. In magnetostatics, the zero divergence of the magnetic field ensures that the magnetic field can be expressed as the curl of a vector potential. This potential is known as the magnetic vector potential.
Consider an ideal solenoid with n turns per unit length and radius R. If I is the current through the solenoid, the magnetic field inside the solenoid is expressed as the product of vacuum...
Curvilinear Motion: Normal and Tangential Components01:27

Curvilinear Motion: Normal and Tangential Components

When a car traverses a curved road, its motion can be elucidated by breaking it down into tangential and normal components. The car-centric coordinates attached to the vehicle move with it.
The positive direction of the t-axis aligns with the increasing position of the car along the curved path, denoted by the unit vector ut. Simultaneously, the n-axis, perpendicular to the t-axis, dissects the curved path into differential arc segments, each forming the arc of a circle with a radius of...
Motion Of A Charged Particle In A Magnetic Field01:22

Motion Of A Charged Particle In A Magnetic Field

A charged particle experiences a force when moving through a magnetic field. Consider the field to be uniform and the charged particle to move perpendicular to it. If the field is in a vacuum, the magnetic field is the dominant factor determining the motion. Since the magnetic force is perpendicular to the direction of motion, a charged particle follows a curved path. The particle continues to follow this curved path until it forms a complete circle. Another way to look at this is that the...
Magnetostatic Boundary Conditions01:28

Magnetostatic Boundary Conditions

An electric field suffers a discontinuity at a surface charge. Similarly, a magnetic field is discontinuous at a surface current. The perpendicular component of a magnetic field is continuous across the interface of two magnetic mediums. In contrast, its parallel component, perpendicular to the current, is discontinuous by the amount equal to the product of the vacuum permeability and the surface current. Like the scalar potential in electrostatics, the vector potential is also continuous...
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Dielectric Polarization in a Capacitor

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 7, 2026

Forming, Confining, and Observing Microtubule-Based Active Nematics
08:37

Forming, Confining, and Observing Microtubule-Based Active Nematics

Published on: January 13, 2023

Velocity correlations in an active nematic.

Sumesh P Thampi1, Ramin Golestanian, Julia M Yeomans

  • 1The Rudolf Peierls Centre for Theoretical Physics, 1 Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3NP, United Kingdom.

Physical Review Letters
|October 1, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study models active nematic flow, finding velocity correlation length is independent of activity strength. Characteristic velocity increases with activity, matching experimental results on microtubule suspensions.

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Last Updated: May 7, 2026

Forming, Confining, and Observing Microtubule-Based Active Nematics
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Controlling Flow Speeds of Microtubule-Based 3D Active Fluids Using Temperature
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Published on: November 26, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Soft Matter Physics
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Active nematics are complex fluids with self-propulsion.
  • Understanding their flow properties is crucial for applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the flow properties of a continuum model for active nematics.
  • To compare model predictions with experimental data from microtubule bundle suspensions.

Main Methods:

  • Continuum modeling of active nematic hydrodynamics.
  • Analysis of velocity correlation length and characteristic velocity scale.
  • Comparison with experimental data on microtubule and molecular motor systems.

Main Results:

  • Velocity correlation length is independent of the activity strength.
  • Characteristic velocity scale increases monotonically with activity.
  • Model results align with experimental observations.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides a theoretical framework for active nematic flow.
  • Results are explained by the dynamics of topological defect creation and annihilation.
  • The model successfully captures key experimental findings in active matter systems.