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No genetic influence for childhood behavior problems from DNA analysis.

Maciej Trzaskowski¹, Philip S Dale, Robert Plomin

¹Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London.

Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry

|October 1, 2013

Summary

Childhood behavior problems show no genetic influence via DNA analysis, despite twin studies indicating otherwise. This discrepancy, termed "missing heritability," may stem from nonadditive genetic factors, complicating gene identification.

Keywords:

behavior problems cognitive abilities genome-wide complex trait analysis (GCTA)heritability twin study

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Area of Science:

Behavioral genetics
Child psychology
Genomics

Background:

Twin studies suggest significant genetic influence on childhood behavior problems.
New methods allow genetic influence estimation using DNA from unrelated individuals.
Linear mixed models incorporating DNA data confirm genetic influence for adult traits.

Purpose of the Study:

Directly compare twin and DNA-based heritability estimates for childhood behavior problems.
Investigate discrepancies in genetic influence estimation for behavioral traits.
Assess genetic influence across parent, teacher, and child ratings.

Main Methods:

Utilized data from 2,500 UK-representative 12-year-old twin pairs.
Employed Genome-Wide Complex Trait Analysis (GCTA) on DNA from one twin per pair (1.7 million markers).
Assessed diverse behaviors including autistic, depressive, and hyperactive symptoms; compared GCTA with standard twin model fitting.

Main Results:

Childhood behavior problems, regardless of rater (parent, teacher, child), showed no significant genetic influence via GCTA.
Substantial heritability estimates were observed in the same sample using traditional twin studies.
GCTA and twin studies showed significant genetic influence for cognitive and anthropometric traits in the same individuals.

Conclusions:

A novel form of