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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 7, 2026

Exploring the Neural Correlates of Cognitive Reappraisal in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Using Task-based Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Exploring the Neural Correlates of Cognitive Reappraisal in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Using Task-based Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Published on: March 14, 2025

Self-referent information processing in individuals with bipolar spectrum disorders.

Ashleigh Molz Adams¹, Benjamin G Shapero, Laura H Pendergast

¹Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.

Journal of Affective Disorders

|October 1, 2013

Summary

Individuals with bipolar spectrum disorders (BSDs) show biases in processing self-referent information, recalling more negative and fewer positive personal details. These cognitive biases may require attention in therapeutic interventions for BSDs.

Keywords:

Bipolar spectrum disorders Information processing Self-schema

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Area of Science:

Psychology
Psychiatry
Cognitive Science

Background:

Bipolar spectrum disorders (BSDs) are prevalent and debilitating conditions.
Cognitive vulnerabilities, particularly negative self-schemata, are implicated in mood disorders.
Limited research has explored self-referent processing biases in individuals with BSDs.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate differences in self-referent information processing between individuals with and without BSDs.
To examine biases in self-referent judgments, response latency, behavioral predictions, and recall.

Main Methods:

A sample of young adults (N=124) with and without BSDs was recruited.
Repeated measures multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was employed.
Participants responded to depression-related and non-depression-related stimuli.

Main Results:

Individuals with BSDs endorsed and recalled more negative and fewer positive self-referent adjectives.
BSDs were associated with more negative and fewer positive behavioral predictions.
Depressive symptoms partially mediated these information-processing biases.

Conclusions:

Individuals with BSDs demonstrate a negative self-referent information processing bias.
This bias may involve selective attention and recall of negative self-information.
Cognitive biases warrant consideration in the therapeutic management of BSDs.