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Updated: May 7, 2026

Cone Beam Intraoperative Computed Tomography-based Image Guidance for Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Interbody Fusion
Published on: August 6, 2019
CT-guided cervical transforaminal epidural steroid injections: technical insights
John T Wald1, Timothy P Maus1, Felix E Diehn1
1Mayo Clinic, Department of Radiology, 200, First Street SW, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States.
Abstract:
Recent studies have described the safety and efficacy of computed tomography (CT)-guided cervical transforaminal epidural steroid injections with both the anterolateral and posterior approach. Although fluoroscopy is the most common form of image guidance for these procedures, CT guidance offers many advantages. However, some key features of CT guidance in these procedures need to be considered to ensure safe and technically successful outcomes.
