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Related Concept Videos

Protein Complexes with Interchangeable Parts01:57

Protein Complexes with Interchangeable Parts

Groups of proteins may form a complex where each protein in this complex has a different role in the overall execution of the complex’s function. Often some of the proteins in the complex can be replaced by a closely related variant to give a complex that contains many of the same components yet is functionally distinct.
The SCF ubiquitin ligase is a protein complex of five individual proteins. This complex attaches ubiquitin to other target proteins to mark them for degradation. In order to...
Protein Complexes with Interchangeable Parts01:57

Protein Complexes with Interchangeable Parts

Groups of proteins may form a complex where each protein in this complex has a different role in the overall execution of the complex’s function. Often some of the proteins in the complex can be replaced by a closely related variant to give a complex that contains many of the same components yet is functionally distinct.
The SCF ubiquitin ligase is a protein complex of five individual proteins. This complex attaches ubiquitin to other target proteins to mark them for degradation. In order to...
The Supercomplexes in the Crista Membrane01:41

The Supercomplexes in the Crista Membrane

The mitochondrial cristae membrane is the primary site for the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) process of energy conversion mediated through respiratory complexes I to V. These complexes have been widely studied for decades, and it has been proven that they form supramolecular structures called respiratory supercomplexes (SC). These higher-order complexes may be crucial in maintaining the biochemical structure and improving the physiological activity of the individual complexes while...
Protein Complex Assembly02:41

Protein Complex Assembly

Proteins can form homomeric complexes with another unit of the same protein or heteromeric complexes with different types.  Most protein complexes self-assemble spontaneously via ordered pathways, while some proteins need assembly factors that guide their proper assembly. Despite the crowded intracellular environment, proteins usually interact with their correct partners and form functional complexes.
Many viruses self-assemble into a fully functional unit using the infected host cell to...
Protein Complex Assembly02:41

Protein Complex Assembly

Proteins can form homomeric complexes with another unit of the same protein or heteromeric complexes with different types.  Most protein complexes self-assemble spontaneously via ordered pathways, while some proteins need assembly factors that guide their proper assembly. Despite the crowded intracellular environment, proteins usually interact with their correct partners and form functional complexes.
Many viruses self-assemble into a fully functional unit using the infected host cell to...
Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II01:46

Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II

The mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) is the main energy generation system in the eukaryotic cells. However, mitochondria also produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to the large electron flow during oxidative phosphorylation. While Complex I is one of the primary sources of superoxide radicals, ROS production by Complex II is uncommon and may only be observed in cancer cells with mutated complexes.
ROS generation is regulated and maintained at moderate levels necessary...

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Updated: May 7, 2026

The MultiBac Protein Complex Production Platform at the EMBL
13:51

The MultiBac Protein Complex Production Platform at the EMBL

Published on: July 11, 2013

The multitalented Mediator complex.

Jonas O P Carlsten1, Xuefeng Zhu, Claes M Gustafsson

  • 1University of Gothenburg, Institute of Biomedicine, PO Box 440, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden.

Trends in Biochemical Sciences
|October 1, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The Mediator complex, essential for gene transcription, acts as a bridge and influences nearly all transcription stages. It coordinates transcription with chromatin organization and other cellular events.

Keywords:
CDK8MediatorRNA polymerase IIchromatin loopingcohesinnon-coding RNA

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Multimer-PAGE: A Method for Capturing and Resolving Protein Complexes in Biological Samples
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Last Updated: May 7, 2026

The MultiBac Protein Complex Production Platform at the EMBL
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The MultiBac Protein Complex Production Platform at the EMBL

Published on: July 11, 2013

The Development and Application of Biophysical Assays for Evaluating Ternary Complex Formation Induced by Proteolysis Targeting Chimeras (PROTACS)
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Multimer-PAGE: A Method for Capturing and Resolving Protein Complexes in Biological Samples
07:40

Multimer-PAGE: A Method for Capturing and Resolving Protein Complexes in Biological Samples

Published on: May 5, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Gene Regulation
  • Chromatin Biology

Background:

  • The Mediator complex is crucial for regulated transcription by RNA polymerase II.
  • Initially viewed as a simple protein bridge, its functions are now known to be more extensive.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the diverse functions of the Mediator complex in gene transcription.
  • To discuss how Mediator coordinates transcription with chromatin organization and other cellular processes.
  • To highlight challenges in studying Mediator's in vivo functions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent findings on Mediator complex functions.
  • Analysis of Mediator's role in different stages of transcription.
  • Discussion of in vivo characterization difficulties.

Main Results:

  • Mediator influences nearly all stages of RNA polymerase II-dependent transcription.
  • Mediator coordinates transcriptional events with chromatin organization.
  • Mediator's functions extend beyond bridging regulatory elements to the promoter.

Conclusions:

  • The Mediator complex plays a multifaceted role in gene regulation.
  • Understanding Mediator's coordination of transcription and chromatin is key.
  • In vivo studies of Mediator face inherent challenges due to its broad cellular impact.