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Related Concept Videos

Centrosome Duplication02:25

Centrosome Duplication

The primary microtubule organizing center (MTOC) in animal cells is the centrosome. A centrosome has two cylindrical centrioles at its core. Each centriole consists of nine sets of three microtubules held together by proteins. The centrioles are positioned at right angles to each other and surrounded by a shapeless protein cloud called the pericentriolar matrix, or pericentriolar material (PCM).
To ensure that each daughter cell receives a centrosome after cell division, centrosome duplication...
Centrosome Duplication02:25

Centrosome Duplication

The primary microtubule organizing center (MTOC) in animal cells is the centrosome. A centrosome has two cylindrical centrioles at its core. Each centriole consists of nine sets of three microtubules held together by proteins. The centrioles are positioned at right angles to each other and surrounded by a shapeless protein cloud called the pericentriolar matrix, or pericentriolar material (PCM).
To ensure that each daughter cell receives a centrosome after cell division, centrosome duplication...
Centrioles and Centrosomes01:13

Centrioles and Centrosomes

Most animal cells comprise a pair of centrioles together called a centrosome. The cell duplicates its centrosome and contains two centrosomes side-by-side, which begin to move apart during the prophase. As the centrosomes migrate to two different sides of the cell, microtubules start extending from each centrosome toward the other end. The mitotic spindle is composed of the centrosomes and their emerging microtubules.
Near the end of the prophase, also called late prophase or "prometaphase,"...
Spindle Assembly02:50

Spindle Assembly

Spindle assembly occurs through three, often coexisting, pathways – the centrosome-mediated pathway, the chromatin-mediated pathway, and the microtubule-mediated pathway – collectively contributing to form a robust spindle apparatus.
In most cells, centrosomes are the primary microtubule nucleation centers. In the centrosome-mediated pathway, the G2-prophase transition triggers centrosome maturation and increased microtubule nucleation. Progressive nucleation results in a microtubule array...
Forces Acting on Chromosomes02:11

Forces Acting on Chromosomes

During mitosis, chromosome movements occur through the interplay of multiple piconewton level forces. In prometaphase, these forces help in chromosome assembly or congression at the equatorial plane, eventually leading to their alignment at the metaphase plate. The forces acting on the chromosomes are space and time-dependent; therefore, they vary with the position of the chromosomes as the cell progresses through mitosis. 
Microtubules and motor proteins exert two types of forces on...
Microtubule Formation01:23

Microtubule Formation

Microtubules are dynamic structures that undergo continuous assembly and disassembly. They originate from specialized multi-protein complexes known as microtubule organizing centers or MTOCs. Within the MTOC, the point of origin of the microtubule is known as the minus end, while the end radiating outward is the plus end. Microtubules serve two primary functions — the organization of spindle complexes to separate sister chromatids during mitotic or meiotic cell division and the formation of...

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Related Experiment Video

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Imaging Centrosomes in Fly Testes
09:41

Imaging Centrosomes in Fly Testes

Published on: September 20, 2013

Deuterosome-mediated centriole biogenesis.

Deborah A Klos Dehring1, Eszter K Vladar, Michael E Werner

  • 1Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.

Developmental Cell
|October 1, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Centriole amplification in multiciliated cells requires the deuterosome. The protein CCDC78 is essential for recruiting Cep152 to the deuterosome, enabling centriole biogenesis for motile cilia.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Centriole duplication is vital for cell division and chromosome segregation.
  • Multiciliated cells amplify centrioles to form over 100 basal bodies for motile cilia.
  • Deuterosomes are proposed structures for de novo centriole biogenesis during amplification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To molecularly characterize the deuterosome.
  • To identify proteins involved in centriole amplification.
  • To elucidate the mechanism of deuterosome-mediated centriole biogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Proteomic analysis of deuterosomes.
  • Immunofluorescence microscopy to detect protein localization.
  • Gene silencing (morphant) studies to assess protein function.

Main Results:

  • Identified Cep152, Plk4, and SAS6 localized to deuterosomes.
  • CCDC78 is a centriole-associated and deuterosome protein essential for amplification.
  • CCDC78 is required for Cep152 localization to deuterosomes, which is necessary for centriole biogenesis.

Conclusions:

  • The deuterosome is a key site for centriole amplification.
  • CCDC78 plays a critical role in deuterosome function by recruiting Cep152.
  • This recruitment is essential for initiating centriole biogenesis in multiciliated cells.