The use of lithium in the medically ill

Many patients taking lithium for the treatment of mood disorders suffer from concomitant medical illnesses. Because of its effects on multiple organ systems, extra caution is required when lithium is used in the presence of medical illness. Available data regarding the use of lithium in the presence of thyroid, renal, cardiovascular, dermatologic, and respiratory disease as well as in the presence of disorders of glucose and calcium metabolism are reviewed. In addition, recommendations regarding safe use, serum monitoring, and potential drug interactions are discussed.