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Related Concept Videos

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming01:24

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming

Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for injury repair.
Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming01:29

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012 for this...
Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming01:14

Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming

Nuclear reprogramming is the process of switching gene expression of one cell type to that of another cell type, usually from a differentiated cell state to an undifferentiated cell state. Differentiation occurs during processes such as development and morphogenesis, tissue regeneration, and malignancy. Cells can also be artificially induced to reprogram their gene expression by techniques such as nuclear transfer, induced pluripotency, and cell fusion. Such techniques have many applications in...
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:13

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore called induced pluripotent stem...
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:06

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
Somatic cells are...
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:13

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore called induced pluripotent stem...

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Updated: May 7, 2026

Reprogramming Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma to Pluripotency
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Reprogramming Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma to Pluripotency

Published on: February 2, 2024

Toward pluripotency by reprogramming: mechanisms and application.

Tao Wang1, Stephen T Warren, Peng Jin

  • 1Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Genetics and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.

Protein & Cell
|October 1, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Reprogramming somatic cells to induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) involves epigenetic changes and transcription factors. Small molecules enhance this process, paving the way for regenerative medicine.

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In vivo Reprogramming of Adult Somatic Cells to Pluripotency by Overexpression of Yamanaka Factors
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Last Updated: May 7, 2026

Reprogramming Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma to Pluripotency
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In vivo Reprogramming of Adult Somatic Cells to Pluripotency by Overexpression of Yamanaka Factors
12:12

In vivo Reprogramming of Adult Somatic Cells to Pluripotency by Overexpression of Yamanaka Factors

Published on: December 17, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Epigenetics
  • Stem Cell Research

Background:

  • Somatic cell reprogramming to pluripotency is complex, involving transcription factors and epigenetic modifications like DNA methylation and histone alterations.
  • Current reprogramming methods are often inefficient, with early stages being stochastic and later stages deterministic.
  • MicroRNAs also play a role in posttranscriptional regulation during cell fate changes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the progress and current perspectives in the field of somatic cell reprogramming.
  • To highlight the role of small molecules in enhancing induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) generation.
  • To discuss the implications of iPSC variability and future directions in regenerative medicine.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on somatic cell reprogramming and iPSC generation.
  • Discussion of epigenetic mechanisms including DNA methylation and histone modifications.
  • Analysis of the impact of small molecules and transcription factors on reprogramming efficiency.

Main Results:

  • Small molecules can functionally replace reprogramming factors and significantly improve iPSC reprogramming efficiency.
  • Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) exhibit non-random genetic and epigenetic variability at specific genomic hotspots.
  • Recent advances include the creation of iPS cells using only chemical compounds.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the reprogramming process is crucial for advancing regenerative medicine.
  • Further research into iPSC variability and optimization of reprogramming techniques holds significant promise.
  • The field is rapidly evolving, with chemical compounds offering a promising avenue for efficient iPSC generation.