Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 7, 2026
08:58
En Face Detection of Nitric Oxide and Superoxide in Endothelial Layer of Intact Arteries
Published on: February 25, 2016
Nitric oxide, S-nitrosation, and endothelial permeability.
Walter N Durán1, Annie V Beuve, Fabiola A Sánchez
1Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, New Jersey Medical School; Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, 07101-1709, U.S.A.
IUBMB Life
|October 1, 2013
Summary
S-Nitrosation regulates vascular permeability by modifying adherens junctions. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) translocation to the cytosol is key for this process, impacting macromolecule leakage.
Area of Science:
- Vascular Biology
- Cellular Signaling
- Biochemistry
Background:
- S-Nitrosation is an emerging regulatory mechanism in vascular biology.
- Pro-inflammatory agents induce endothelial hyperpermeability.
- Adherens junction proteins are critical for endothelial barrier function.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the role of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)-derived nitric oxide (NO) in S-Nitrosation.
- To analyze the significance of eNOS location for S-Nitrosation and endothelial hyperpermeability.
- To discuss the translocation of eNOS via caveolae to the cytosol.
Main Methods:
- Literature review focusing on S-Nitrosation and endothelial function.
- Analysis of evidence for eNOS translocation.
- Discussion of the molecular mechanisms linking eNOS, S-Nitrosation, and barrier integrity.
Main Results:
- eNOS-derived NO plays a crucial role in regulating S-Nitrosation of adherens junction proteins.
- eNOS translocation to the cytosol, often via caveolae, is a significant event.
- Cytosolic eNOS localization is linked to the onset of endothelial hyperpermeability.
Conclusions:
- S-Nitrosation is a key regulator of endothelial barrier function.
- The subcellular localization of eNOS influences its regulatory capacity.
- Understanding eNOS dynamics is vital for addressing vascular hyperpermeability.
Related Concept Videos
01:28Nitric Oxide Signaling Pathway
Nitric oxide (NO), an inorganic gas, acts as a potent second messenger in most animal and plant tissues. NO diffuses out of the cells that produce it and enters the neighboring cells to generate a downstream response. NO synthase (NOS) catalyzes NO production by the deamination of the amino acid arginine. There are three isoforms of NOS. Endothelial cells have endothelial NOS (eNOS), nerve and muscle cells have neuronal NOS (nNOS), and macrophages produce inducible NOS (iNOS) upon exposure to...
01:26Coronary Artery Disease II: Pathophysiology
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) originates from a series of events that impair the function of coronary arteries, the blood vessels responsible for delivering oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle. The pathophysiology of CAD is closely linked to atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory and lipid-driven condition affecting the vascular endothelium.1. Endothelial DamageThe process begins with damage to the vascular endothelium, which serves as a protective barrier between the blood and the vessel...
01:23Antihypertensive Drugs: Vasodilators
Vasodilators, primarily affecting the smooth muscles within arterial and venous walls, are commonly used for hypertension treatment. Medications such as minoxidil and hydralazine primarily target arteries and arterioles, while sodium nitroprusside acts on arterioles and venules. Minoxidil, functioning as a prodrug, is metabolized by hepatic sulfotransferase into its active form, minoxidil sulfate, after oral administration. This metabolite binds to the sulfonylurea receptor (SUR) component of...
01:202° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO2
Secondary amines react with nitrous acid to form N-nitrosamines, as depicted in Figure 1. Nitrous acid, a weak and unstable acid, is formed in situ from an aqueous solution of sodium nitrite and strong acids, such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, in cold conditions. In the presence of an acid, the nitrous acid gets protonated. The subsequent loss of water results in the formation of the electrophile known as nitrosonium ion.
01:16Antianginal Drugs: Nitrates and β-Blockers
In cardiovascular health, antianginal drugs combat angina pectoris — a condition marked by chest pain owing to diminished blood flow to the heart.
Organic nitrates, such as nitroglycerin, play a pivotal role. Once metabolized, they liberate nitric oxide, a molecular marvel. Nitric oxide triggers guanylyl cyclase and augments cGMP production. This biochemical cascade orchestrates the relaxation of vascular smooth muscles, ushering in vasodilation and enhancing coronary blood flow. Administered...
Organic nitrates, such as nitroglycerin, play a pivotal role. Once metabolized, they liberate nitric oxide, a molecular marvel. Nitric oxide triggers guanylyl cyclase and augments cGMP production. This biochemical cascade orchestrates the relaxation of vascular smooth muscles, ushering in vasodilation and enhancing coronary blood flow. Administered...
01:21Paracrine Signaling
Paracrine signaling allows cells to communicate with their immediate neighbors via secretion of signaling molecules. Such a signal can only trigger a response in nearby target cells because the signal molecules degrade quickly or are inactivated if not taken up. Prominent examples of paracrine signaling include nitric oxide signaling in blood vessels, synaptic signaling of neurons, the blood clotting system, tissue repair/wound healing, and local allergic skin reactions. Nitric oxide as a...