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Updated: May 7, 2026

Development, Characterization, and Evaluation of CAGE-based Ionic Liquid Systems for Transdermal Delivery
Published on: September 26, 2025
[Preparation and in vitro permeation of tetramethylpyrazine hydrochloride transdermal gel]
Zhan Tang1, Hong-Yan Xu, Qiao Wang
1Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Materia Medica, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou 310013, China. tangzhan1986@126.com
Abstract:
The purpose of this study was to prepare tetramethylpyrazine hydrochloride transdermal gel and to study its permeation ability in vitro. The skin permeation ability was evaluated by Valian-Chien permeation cells with isolated rat skin. The concentration of tetramethylpyrazine in samples was determined by HPLC. The optimal formulation was composed with 5% azone, 5% peppermint oil, 8% sodium carboxymethylcellulose and 8% tetramethylpyrazine hydrochloride. The accumulative permeation amount of the gel was (6 731.87 +/- 102.31) microg x cm(-2) in 12 h,and the permeation rate was (535.02 +/- 33.89) microg x cm(-2) x h(-1). The release profile in vitro was in line with zero-order formulation. Tetramethylpyrazine hydrochloride gel prepared in the study would be developed as a novel transdermal preparation.
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