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Related Concept Videos

Entropy and Solvation02:05

Entropy and Solvation

The process of surrounding a solute with solvent is called solvation. It involves evenly distributing the solute within the solvent. The rule of thumb for determining a solvent for a given compound is that like dissolves like. A good solvent has molecular characteristics similar to those of the compound to be dissolved. For example, polar solutions dissolve polar solutes, and apolar solvents dissolve apolar solutes. A polar solvent is a solvent that has a high dielectric constant (ϵ ≥ 15); an...
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Intermolecular Forces03:13

Intermolecular Forces

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Solubility Equilibria: Overview01:09

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Probing the Structure and Dynamics of Interfacial Water with Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and Spectroscopy
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Probing the Structure and Dynamics of Interfacial Water with Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and Spectroscopy

Published on: May 27, 2018

Characterization of a water-solid interaction in a partially ordered system.

Paroma Chakravarty1, Joseph W Lubach

  • 1Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States.

Molecular Pharmaceutics
|October 2, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Exposure to moisture irreversibly transforms the mesomorphous compound GNE068-PC into a disordered amorphous state. This solid-state change, driven by water sorption, impacts crystallinity, molecular order, and lattice mobility.

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Published on: August 2, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Solid-State Chemistry
  • Pharmaceutical Science

Background:

  • GNE068-PC is a developmental compound previously identified as mesomorphous, exhibiting both long-range order and local molecular disorder.
  • Understanding the solid-state behavior of such compounds under varying environmental conditions is crucial for their development and stability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of moisture exposure on the solid-state properties of GNE068-PC.
  • To characterize the phase transitions and structural changes induced by different relative humidity (RH) conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Exposure of GNE068-PC to controlled RH levels (11% to 60%) at room temperature for 7 days.
  • Characterization of resultant product phases using techniques including assessment of crystallinity, birefringence, and solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR).

Main Results:

  • Progressive loss of crystallinity and birefringence with increasing RH, leading to a fully amorphous phase at 60% RH.
  • Irrecoverable loss of long-range positional order and altered molecular orientation after moisture exposure.
  • Solid-state NMR indicated reduced lattice mobility in the amorphous phase due to decreased motion of aromatic portions and reduced free volume.

Conclusions:

  • Moisture sorption irreversibly alters the solid-state structure of GNE068-PC, transforming it from a mesomorphous to a disordered amorphous state.
  • Water replacement of ethyl acetate and altered molecular orientation are key factors in the observed irreversible changes.
  • The findings highlight the critical role of water-solid interactions in determining the long-term stability and properties of GNE068-PC.