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Related Concept Videos

Role of Skin in Vitamin D Synthesis01:23

Role of Skin in Vitamin D Synthesis

The skin plays a crucial role in the synthesis of vitamin D, a vital nutrient for various physiological processes in the body. Vitamin D is unique because it can be synthesized in the skin through a series of chemical reactions triggered by exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation from sunlight.
The solar UV B rays (290-315 nm) are absorbed by the skin, and 7-dehydrocholesterol (provitamin D3) photolyzes it to previtamin D3, which undergoes a rapid transformation to vitamin D3(cholecalciferol).
Vitamins01:30

Vitamins

Vitamins, derived from the Latin word for life, are essential organic substances required in small quantities for optimal growth and overall well-being. Unlike other organic nutrients, vitamins don't act as sources of energy or building materials but rather facilitate these nutrients' utilization by the body. Vitamins are predominantly coenzymes, assisting enzymes in specific chemical actions, like the oxidation of glucose for energy involving B vitamins. Most vitamins are not produced in our...
Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health01:25

Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health

The growth and maintenance of bone are regulated by a combination of nutritional factors, including vitamins, such as vitamin A, B12, C, D, and K.
Vitamin A
Vitamin A is involved in the process of bone remodeling. Retinoic acid, the active metabolite of Vitamin A, has nuclear receptors in osteoblasts and osteoclasts, which are involved in bone remodeling.
Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12 acts as a cofactor during the formation of osteoblast-related proteins, such as osteocalcin. Vitamin B12 plays a role...
Drug Dosing: Infants and Children01:29

Drug Dosing: Infants and Children

Pediatric patient dosages diverge from adults due to disparities in body surface area, total body water, and extracellular fluid per kilogram of body weight. The dosing regimen considers the variations in pharmacokinetics and pharmacology across distinct age groups, encompassing preterm newborns, infants, young children, older children, and adolescents. Calculation of pediatric patient doses is predicated on determining body surface area, which exhibits a superior correlation with the child's...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption01:23

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption

Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...
Connective Tissue Cell Types01:22

Connective Tissue Cell Types

Connective tissue develops from the mesoderm of a developing embryo and consists of cells, fibers, and ground substance: a gel-like material containing large complexes of carbohydrates and proteins. Connective tissue was first identified as a separate tissue family in the 18th century, and Johannes Peter Muller coined the term connective tissue.
Fat cells (adipocytes), smooth muscle cells (myoblasts), and bone cells (osteoblasts) are some connective tissue cell types. Some immune system cells...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 7, 2026

A Method of Trigonometric Modelling of Seasonal Variation Demonstrated with Multiple Sclerosis Relapse Data
10:46

A Method of Trigonometric Modelling of Seasonal Variation Demonstrated with Multiple Sclerosis Relapse Data

Published on: December 9, 2015

[Vitamin D in childhood].

Michel Vidailhet1, Eric Mallet

  • 1Faculté de médecine, 54505 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France.

Presse Medicale (Paris, France : 1983)
|October 2, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Vitamin D deficiency can cause rickets and severe complications in infants and children. Regular vitamin D supplementation, especially in winter, is crucial for maintaining bone health and preventing serious health issues.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Nutritional Science
  • Endocrinology

Context:

  • Infantile Nutritional Rickets has significantly declined in France due to vitamin D fortification and supplementation.
  • Vitamin D deficiency remains a concern, leading to hypocalcaemia and severe complications like cardiac, neurological, and respiratory issues, even infant death.
  • Insufficient vitamin D intake is common in breastfed infants and can lead to rickets, including vitamin D-resistant forms.

Purpose:

  • To highlight the persistent risks of vitamin D deficiency in infants, children, and adolescents.
  • To emphasize the importance of routine screening for rickets symptoms, particularly in high-risk groups.
  • To inform about updated Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) for vitamin D and the inadequacy of current levels in many populations.

Summary:

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 7, 2026

A Method of Trigonometric Modelling of Seasonal Variation Demonstrated with Multiple Sclerosis Relapse Data
10:46

A Method of Trigonometric Modelling of Seasonal Variation Demonstrated with Multiple Sclerosis Relapse Data

Published on: December 9, 2015

  • Vitamin D insufficiency in young children (1-5 years) and adolescents impairs skeletal mineralization and reduces peak bone mass.
  • New DRIs (2011) increased vitamin D recommendations to 600 IU/d, yet these levels are often unmet, even with fortified foods.
  • Winter supplementation with high-dose vitamin D3 (80,000-100,000 IU every 3 months) is recommended for children and adolescents, and year-round for at-risk individuals.

Impact:

  • Ensuring adequate vitamin D levels is vital for preventing rickets, hypocalcaemia, and associated severe health complications in infants and children.
  • Proactive vitamin D supplementation strategies, particularly during winter months and for at-risk populations, can mitigate long-term skeletal health issues.
  • Public health initiatives and clinical practices should align with updated vitamin D recommendations to address widespread insufficiency.