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A Microfluidic-based Electrochemical Biochip for Label-free DNA Hybridization Analysis
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Published on: September 10, 2014

DNA biosensor/biochip for multiplex blood group genotyping.

S A Boccoz1, L J Blum, C A Marquette

  • 1Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, Equipe Génie Enzymatique, Membranes Biomimétiques et Assemblages Supramoléculaires, Université Lyon 1 - CNRS 5246 ICBMS, Bâtiment CPE 43, bd du 11 novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France; AXO Science SAS, 66 Bd Niels Bohr, CEI 1, 69100 Villeurbanne, France.

Methods (San Diego, Calif.)
|October 2, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Molecular blood group genotyping offers advanced solutions for immunohematology, overcoming limitations of traditional serological tests. This review details various molecular methods and high-throughput platforms for accurate blood group determination.

Keywords:
Blood groupDNA biochipMicroarrayMultiplexPolymerase chain reaction

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Area of Science:

  • Immunohematology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Over 300 blood group antigens are recognized by the International Society of Blood Transfusion (ISBT).
  • Many blood group antigens are determined by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), with approximately 200 identified.
  • Traditional serological tests for blood group determination have limitations in multiplexing and throughput.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review molecular biology methods for blood group genotyping.
  • To summarize medium- and high-throughput platforms for blood group genotyping.
  • To address the growing need for extended blood group typing to prevent transfusion complications.

Main Methods:

  • Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) techniques are commonly employed.
  • Analytical steps include DNA biosensors, biochips, capillary electrophoresis, and mass spectrometry.
  • Platforms capable of simultaneous SNP analysis for blood group systems have been developed.

Main Results:

  • Numerous blood group genotyping assays have been developed in the last decade.
  • Methods range from biochips and biosensors to various molecular biology techniques.
  • Platforms offer capabilities for multiplex analysis of blood group-associated variants.

Conclusions:

  • Molecular methods provide alternatives to serological testing in immunohematology.
  • Advancements in genotyping platforms enable efficient and high-throughput blood group determination.
  • Knowledge of molecular bases facilitates improved prevention of alloimmunization and transfusion accidents.