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Examination of Oral Candida Infection in Primary Sjögren's Syndrome Patients
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[Clinically isolated syndrome].

M Platten1, T Lanz, M Bendszus

  • 1Abteilung Neuroonkologie, Neurologische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, INF 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Deutschland, michael.platten@med.uni-heidelberg.de.

Der Nervenarzt
|October 2, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) is an early stage of multiple sclerosis (MS), not a separate disease. Recent studies and guidelines inform its diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment, including radiologically isolated syndrome (RIS).

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neuroimmunology
  • Clinical Medicine

Context:

  • Clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) represents the initial presentation suggestive of multiple sclerosis (MS).
  • Current diagnostic criteria and therapeutic strategies for CIS require critical evaluation.
  • Radiologically isolated syndrome (RIS) signifies a preclinical stage of MS.

Purpose:

  • To critically review recent studies and current guidelines concerning CIS management.
  • To discuss diagnostic work-up, differential diagnoses, and prognostic factors for CIS.
  • To provide recommendations for managing both CIS and RIS.

Summary:

  • This review advocates for defining CIS as an MS stage, not a distinct disease.
  • It examines key considerations in diagnosing and managing CIS, including prognostic indicators and immunomodulatory therapy initiation.
  • Recommendations for managing RIS, an imaging-based preclinical MS diagnosis, are also presented.

Impact:

  • Offers updated insights into the definition and staging of MS.
  • Provides a critical analysis of current diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines for early MS detection.
  • Aims to improve patient management strategies for CIS and RIS, potentially altering disease course.