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Trichome structure and evolution in Neotropical lianas.

Anselmo Nogueira¹, Juliana Hanna Leite El Ottra, Elza Guimarães

¹Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Botânica, Rua do Matão, 277, São Paulo, SP, 05508-090, Brazil.

Annals of Botany

|October 2, 2013

Summary

This study reveals that most trichome types in the Bignonieae tribe are homologous, suggesting a shared evolutionary history. This finding simplifies the classification of diverse trichome structures across species.

Keywords:

Bignoniaceae Brazil EFNs extrafloral nectaries glands insect–plant interactions morphological evolution trichomes vines

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Area of Science:

Plant morphology and evolution
Botanical systematics
Evolutionary biology

Background:

Trichomes, epidermal outgrowths, are crucial for plant defense and survival.
Understanding trichome diversity and evolution is limited due to scarce data.
This study focuses on the Bignonieae tribe (Bignoniaceae) to address these knowledge gaps.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the diversity and evolutionary history of trichome types in the Bignonieae tribe.
To integrate morphoanatomical data with evolutionary history for a comprehensive understanding.
To establish a basis for comparing trichome evolution across taxa.

Main Methods:

Macromorphological characterization of 105 Bignonieae species.
Micromorphological characterization of 16 selected species.
Ancestral character state reconstructions using maximum likelihood (ML) on coded trichome data.

Main Results:

Identified two main categories: non-glandular and glandular trichomes.
Recognized three glandular morphotypes: peltate (Pg), stipitate (Sg), and patelliform/cupular (P/Cg).
Reconstructions suggest the common ancestor had non-glandular, Pg, and P/Cg trichomes, with Sg trichomes evolving independently multiple times.

Conclusions:

Most trichome morphotypes in Bignonieae are likely homologous, despite varied nomenclature.
Standardized descriptions facilitate cross-taxa comparisons and future functional studies.
This research provides a framework for understanding trichome evolution and diversity.