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Updated: May 7, 2026

A Friction Testing-Bioreactor Device for Study of Synovial Joint Biomechanics, Mechanobiology, and Physical Regulation
Published on: June 2, 2022
Boundary cartilage lubrication: review of current concepts
1Division of biomechanics, Department of mechanics, biomechanics and mechatronics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Technicka 4, 16607, Prague 6, Czech Republic, matej.daniel@fs.cvut.cz.
Abstract:
Effective lubrication of synovial joints is important to prevent cartilage degeneration and to keep the joints healthy. This paper sets out the basics of engineering lubrication with respect to the composition and properties of synovial fluid constituents. Two basic types of boundary lubrication are discussed: the presence of highly hydrophilic proteoglycans that provide a water liquid film, and the existence of multilamellar phospholipids lubricating layers at the surface ofarticular cartilage. Based on current knowledge, we may conclude that no single mechanism of boundary lubrication exists, and that effective boundary lubrication of synovial joints is maintained by the synergic effect of all synovial fluid constituents.
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