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Related Concept Videos

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Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways

At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category, whereas...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 7, 2026

Partial Optic Nerve Transection in Rats: A Model Established with a New Operative Approach to Assess Secondary Degeneration of Retinal Ganglion Cells
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Optic nerve hypoplasia.

Savleen Kaur1, Sparshi Jain, Harsimrat B S Sodhi

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, Guru Nanak Eye Center, New Delhi, India.

Oman Journal of Ophthalmology
|October 2, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Optic nerve hypoplasia (ONH) is a congenital condition causing vision loss in children. Early diagnosis and assessment for associated neurological and endocrine issues are crucial for managing this condition.

Keywords:
Congenitalhypopituitarismmidline brain defectsneurological abnormalitiesoptic discoptic nerve hypoplasia

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Last Updated: May 7, 2026

Partial Optic Nerve Transection in Rats: A Model Established with a New Operative Approach to Assess Secondary Degeneration of Retinal Ganglion Cells
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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Pediatrics
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Optic nerve hypoplasia (ONH) is a congenital anomaly leading to vision impairment in children.
  • The incidence of ONH is higher than previously thought, refuting its rarity.
  • Key ophthalmic findings include a small optic disc, double-ring sign, vascular tortuosity, and reduced nerve fiber layer.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the literature on Optic Nerve Hypoplasia (ONH).
  • To emphasize the importance of comprehensive evaluation for associated systemic conditions.
  • To guide clinical practice in managing ONH patients.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review using MEDLINE and PUBMED.
  • Analysis of diagnostic methods including fundus photography, OCT, visual fields, and color vision testing.
  • Review of neuroimaging, endocrine, and genetic testing for associated abnormalities.

Main Results:

  • ONH is associated with significant neurological, radiologic, and endocrine abnormalities.
  • Maternal factors like premature birth and fetal alcohol syndrome are linked to ONH.
  • Bilateral ONH presents with a higher incidence of neurological abnormalities (65%) compared to unilateral cases.

Conclusions:

  • Comprehensive assessment including ophthalmologic, neurologic, endocrine, and genetic evaluations is vital for ONH patients.
  • Early detection and management of associated conditions improve patient outcomes.
  • Clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for ONH and its systemic implications.