The labrum: structure, function, and injury with femoro-acetabular impingement

Area of Science:

• Orthopedic Surgery
• Hip Arthroscopy
• Sports Medicine

Background:

• Femoro-acetabular impingement (FAI) is increasingly recognized as a cause of hip pain.
• FAI can lead to labral injury, impacting joint function and potentially necessitating hip replacement.
• Previous reviews have covered FAI diagnosis and types, but a detailed focus on the labrum is needed.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide comprehensive information on the hip labrum, independent of specific treatment algorithms.
• To enhance understanding of the labrum's role in hip stability and FAI.
• To serve as a guide for developing treatment plans for FAI.

Main Methods:

• A review of existing literature on the hip labrum.
• Compilation of information on labral anatomy, circulation, histology, embryology, and neurology.
• Discussion of labral tear mechanisms, types, and diagnostic methods.

Main Results:

• Detailed presentation of the labrum's complex anatomy and physiology.
• Explanation of how labral tears occur and their classification.
• Evaluation of diagnostic magnetic resonance techniques (MRI, i-MRA, d-MRA) for labral tears.

Conclusions:

• Advanced knowledge of the labrum is crucial for managing FAI.
• The labrum plays a vital role in stabilizing the hip joint and protecting articular surfaces.
• Understanding labral pathology aids in developing effective FAI treatment strategies.