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Related Concept Videos

Hypoglycemia01:26

Hypoglycemia

Hypoglycemia is a blood glucose level below 70 mg/dL. It commonly occurs in individuals using insulin or insulin-secreting drugs, but may also arise in non-diabetic conditions. People with type 1 diabetes are at the highest risk because they depend on exogenous insulin. People with type 2 diabetes are also at risk, especially when treated with insulin or medications such as sulfonylureas, which increase insulin release regardless of blood glucose levels. It develops when insulin levels exceed...
Hypoglycemia and Glucagon01:15

Hypoglycemia and Glucagon

Without prolonged fasting, healthy individuals maintain blood glucose levels above 3.5 mM due to a well-adapted neuroendocrine counterregulatory system that effectively prevents acute hypoglycemia, a potentially life-threatening condition. The primary clinical scenarios for hypoglycemia encompass diabetes treatment, inappropriate production of endogenous insulin or insulin-like substances by tumors, and the use of glucose-lowering agents in non-diabetic individuals. Notably, hypoglycemia in the...
Complications of Diabetes Mellitus01:22

Complications of Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by persistent hyperglycemia due to insulin deficiency, resistance, or both. Prolonged hyperglycemia disrupts metabolic homeostasis and leads to acute and chronic complications.Acute ComplicationsAcute complications result from sudden metabolic imbalance.Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) mainly appears in type 1 diabetes but may also develop in type 2 diabetes, particularly under extreme stress. It arises from severe insulin deficiency,...
Hyperglycemia01:29

Hyperglycemia

Hyperglycemia is an abnormally high blood glucose level. It is diagnosed by fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL, 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (or OGTT) ≥200 mg/dL, random glucose ≥200 mg/dL with symptoms, or HbA1c ≥6.5%. However, HbA1c results may be unreliable in certain conditions, such as anemia or hemoglobinopathies, and the diagnosis should be confirmed unless classic symptoms are present. Postprandial hyperglycemia is typically considered significant when glucose levels exceed 180 mg/dL two...
Type I Diabetes III: Clinical Manifestations01:19

Type I Diabetes III: Clinical Manifestations

Type 1 diabetes mellitus typically presents with rapid-onset symptoms due to the body’s inability to utilize glucose in the absence of insulin. Since insulin is required for glucose uptake into cells, its deficiency leads to hyperglycemia and cellular energy deprivation, resulting in characteristic clinical features.Polyuria and PolydipsiaOne of the earliest, most prominent symptoms is polyuria (excessive urination). When blood glucose concentrations rise above the renal threshold, the kidneys...
Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications01:15

Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications

For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is based on...

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Updated: May 7, 2026

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital
12:08

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital

Published on: June 11, 2012

Hypoglycemia: The neglected complication.

Sanjay Kalra1, Jagat Jyoti Mukherjee, Subramanium Venkataraman

  • 1Bharti Research Institute of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karnal, Haryana, India.

Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism
|October 2, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hypoglycemia, a complication of diabetes treatment, increases mortality risk and can lead to unawareness. Effective management requires risk factor recognition and appropriate glucose-lowering strategies to prevent severe outcomes.

Keywords:
Diabetes mellitusglucagonhypoglycemiahypoglycemia unawarenessinsulinmanagementphysiologic impactquality of life

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Last Updated: May 7, 2026

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital
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Published on: June 11, 2012

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07:35

Hyperglycemic Clamp and Hypoglycemic Clamp in Conscious Mice

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A Zebrafish Model of Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolic Memory

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Metabolic Disorders
  • Diabetes Mellitus Management

Background:

  • Hypoglycemia is a significant complication of glucose-lowering therapies in diabetes mellitus.
  • Intensive glycemic control attempts often elevate the risk of hypoglycemia.
  • Severe hypoglycemia is linked to a six-fold increase in diabetes-related deaths.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the clinical spectrum and burden of hypoglycemia.
  • To highlight the need for adequate control measures against this life-threatening complication.
  • To inform strategies for preventing long-term complications associated with diabetes-related hypoglycemia.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical data and literature on hypoglycemia in diabetes.
  • Analysis of the impact of intensive glycemic control on hypoglycemia risk.
  • Assessment of short- and long-term complications and quality of life issues.

Main Results:

  • Repeated hypoglycemia episodes can impair counter-regulatory systems, leading to hypoglycemia unawareness.
  • Complications include cerebrovascular disease, myocardial infarction, neurocognitive dysfunction, and vision loss.
  • Hypoglycemia negatively impacts quality of life, affecting sleep, driving, employment, and exercise.

Conclusions:

  • Early recognition of hypoglycemia risk factors is crucial.
  • Self-monitoring of blood glucose and selecting appropriate, low-risk treatment regimens are key.
  • Educational programs for healthcare professionals and patients are essential for good glycemic control and hypoglycemia prevention.