Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...

MicroRNAs

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...

MicroRNAs

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...

Experimental RNAi

Experimental RNAi

RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...

siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs

siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs

Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the ATP-dependent...

RNA Editing

RNA Editing

RNA editing is a post-transcriptional modification where a precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) nucleotide sequence is changed by base insertion, deletion, or modification. The extent of RNA editing varies from a few hundred bases, in mitochondrial DNA of trypanosomes, to a just single base, in nuclear genes of mammals. Even a single base change in the pre-mRNA can convert a codon for one amino acid into the codon for another amino acid or a stop codon. This type of re-coding can significantly affect the...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Morpho-cultural, pathogenic, and molecular diversity, and population structure analysis of <i>Bipolaris sorokiniana</i> causing spot blotch disease in wheat.

Frontiers in microbiology·2026

Same author

In silico approaches to improved understanding of herbicides targeting photosystem II (PSII).

Computational biology and chemistry·2026

Same author

Toward the genetic landscape of prostate cancer in India: insights from whole-exome and low-pass whole-genome sequencing of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor tissues.

Frontiers in systems biology·2026

Same author

Integrating multi-omics data for next-generation cancer research and precision medicine.

Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico·2026

Same author

Draft genome sequencing of Proteus mirabilis strain Indica (ST286) reveals antimicrobial resistance and virulence determinants.

BMC microbiology·2026

Same author

Cryoneurolysis for the management of pain secondary to obstetrical brachial plexus injury: a case report.

Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie·2026

Same journal

In silico analysis, annotation and characterisation of putative ESTs from Sorghum bicolor associated with heat stress.

International journal of bioinformatics research and applications·2015

Same journal

Docking analysis of gallic acid derivatives as HIV-1 protease inhibitors.

International journal of bioinformatics research and applications·2015

Same journal

Automatic segmentation of Potyviridae family polyproteins.

International journal of bioinformatics research and applications·2015

Same journal

Neural network and rough set hybrid scheme for prediction of missing associations.

International journal of bioinformatics research and applications·2015

Same journal

On the interconnection of stable protein complexes: inter-complex hubs and their conservation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Homo sapiens networks.

International journal of bioinformatics research and applications·2015

Same journal

Diversity and evolution of the envelope gene of dengue virus type 1 circulating in India in recent times.

International journal of bioinformatics research and applications·2015

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 7, 2026

mirMachine: A One-Stop Shop for Plant miRNA Annotation

mirMachine: A One-Stop Shop for Plant miRNA Annotation

Published on: May 1, 2021

Challenges in the miRNA research.

Tiratha Raj Singh¹, Arun Gupta, Prashanth Suravajhala

¹Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, JUIT, Waknaghat, Solan, H.P., India.

International Journal of Bioinformatics Research and Applications

|October 3, 2013

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This review explores microRNAs (miRNAs) and their role in gene regulation, disease, and their association with messenger RNAs (mRNAs). It highlights bioinformatics challenges in miRNA annotation and functional understanding.

Keywords:

STS bioinformatics hypothetical proteins mRNAs miRNA development miRNA evolution miRNAs microRNA target prediction

More Related Videos

MicroRNA Amplification and Recognition through Locked-nucleic-acid In situ Hybridization as a Novel Detection and Quantification Method

MicroRNA Amplification and Recognition through Locked-nucleic-acid In situ Hybridization as a Novel Detection and Quantification Method

Published on: October 7, 2025

CRISPR Gene Editing Tool for MicroRNA Cluster Network Analysis

CRISPR Gene Editing Tool for MicroRNA Cluster Network Analysis

Published on: April 25, 2022

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 7, 2026

mirMachine: A One-Stop Shop for Plant miRNA Annotation

mirMachine: A One-Stop Shop for Plant miRNA Annotation

Published on: May 1, 2021

MicroRNA Amplification and Recognition through Locked-nucleic-acid In situ Hybridization as a Novel Detection and Quantification Method

MicroRNA Amplification and Recognition through Locked-nucleic-acid In situ Hybridization as a Novel Detection and Quantification Method

Published on: October 7, 2025

CRISPR Gene Editing Tool for MicroRNA Cluster Network Analysis

CRISPR Gene Editing Tool for MicroRNA Cluster Network Analysis

Published on: April 25, 2022

Area of Science:

Bioinformatics
Genetics
Molecular Biology

Background:

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are known regulators of human genes, with recent research highlighting their involvement in diseases like cancer.
The proliferation of bioinformatics tools has accelerated miRNA discovery, necessitating robust validation and a deeper understanding of their origins from messenger RNAs (mRNAs).
miRNAs exhibit synergistic interactions in regulating condition-specific target genes (mRNAs).

Purpose of the Study:

To present a bioinformatics approach for analyzing microRNAs (miRNAs).
To discuss the challenges associated with miRNA annotation and the relationship between miRNAs and their messenger RNA (mRNA) targets.
To explore the functional and evolutionary implications of miRNA signatures.

Main Methods:

Review of current bioinformatics approaches for miRNA identification and analysis.
Discussion of annotation challenges and sequence-specific miRNA signatures.
Exploration of miRNA-mRNA interactions and their regulatory roles.

Main Results:

Identification of key challenges in miRNA annotation using bioinformatics.
Discussion of the complex interplay between miRNAs and mRNAs in gene regulation.
Highlighting the association of miRNAs with various functional and evolutionary events.

Conclusions:

Bioinformatics approaches are crucial for understanding microRNAs (miRNAs) and their complex interactions with messenger RNAs (mRNAs).
Further research is needed to fully elucidate the functional relevance and evolutionary significance of miRNA-mRNA associations.
Addressing annotation challenges is vital for advancing miRNA-based research in disease and biology.