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Related Concept Videos

The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom02:45

The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom

Shortly after de Broglie published his ideas that the electron in a hydrogen atom could be better thought of as being a circular standing wave instead of a particle moving in quantized circular orbits, Erwin Schrödinger extended de Broglie’s work by deriving what is now known as the Schrödinger equation. When Schrödinger applied his equation to hydrogen-like atoms, he was able to reproduce Bohr’s expression for the energy and, thus, the Rydberg formula governing hydrogen spectra. Schrödinger...
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview01:03

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview

NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of one, the...
Electron Microscope Tomography and Single-particle Reconstruction01:07

Electron Microscope Tomography and Single-particle Reconstruction

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) can be used to determine the 3D structure of biological samples with the help of techniques such as electron microscope tomography and single-particle reconstruction. While single-particle reconstruction can examine macromolecules and macromolecular complexes in vitro conditions only, tomography permits the study of cell components or small cells in vivo.
Electron Tomography
Electron tomography can be performed either in TEM or STEM (scanning transmission...
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution01:14

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution

Near absolute zero temperatures, in the presence of a magnetic field, the majority of nuclei prefer the lower energy spin-up state to the higher energy spin-down state. As temperatures increase, the energy from thermal collisions distributes the spins more equally between the two states. The Boltzmann distribution equation gives the ratio of the number of spins predicted in the spin −½ (N−) and spin +½ (N+) states.
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin01:08

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin

All atomic particles possess an intrinsic angular momentum, or 'spin'. Electrons, protons, and neutrons each have a spin value of ½, although protons and neutrons in nuclei may have higher half-integer spins owing to energetic factors.
Atomic nuclei have a net nuclear spin, , which can have an integer or half-integer value. In atomic nuclei, the spins of protons are paired against each other but not with neutrons, and vice versa. Consequently, an even number of protons does not contribute to...
Atomic Nuclei: Types of Nuclear Relaxation01:28

Atomic Nuclei: Types of Nuclear Relaxation

Nuclear relaxation restores the equilibrium population imbalance and can occur via spin–lattice or spin–spin mechanisms, which are first-order exponential decay processes.
In spin–lattice or longitudinal relaxation, the excited spins exchange energy with the surrounding lattice as they return to the lower energy level. Among several mechanisms that contribute to spin–lattice relaxation, magnetic dipolar interactions are significant. Here, the excited nucleus transfers energy to a nearby...

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Updated: May 7, 2026

Gradient Echo Quantum Memory in Warm Atomic Vapor
10:00

Gradient Echo Quantum Memory in Warm Atomic Vapor

Published on: November 11, 2013

Single-photon-level quantum image memory based on cold atomic ensembles.

Dong-Sheng Ding1, Zhi-Yuan Zhou, Bao-Sen Shi

  • 1Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.

Nature Communications
|October 3, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a novel quantum memory capable of storing single photons with orbital angular momentum. This breakthrough preserves photon coherence and spatial structure, advancing quantum networks and high-dimensional quantum information processing.

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Last Updated: May 7, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Information Science
  • Atomic Physics
  • Quantum Optics

Background:

  • Quantum networks require robust quantum memories for distributing quantum information.
  • Storing single photons with spatial information, such as orbital angular momentum, is crucial for increasing network capacity.
  • Existing quantum memory technologies face challenges in preserving complex photonic states.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally demonstrate the storage of single-photon orbital angular momentum in a quantum memory.
  • To investigate the preservation of non-classical correlations and spatial structure during storage.
  • To confirm the maintenance of single-photon coherence throughout the storage process.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in a cold atomic ensemble.
  • Encoding single photons with orbital angular momentum (OAM).
  • Measuring photon correlations and analyzing spatial mode similarity before and after storage.

Main Results:

  • Achieved the first experimental storage of true single-photon-carrying OAM.
  • Demonstrated retention of non-classical pair correlations between trigger and retrieved photons.
  • Confirmed strong similarity between the spatial structures of input and retrieved photons.
  • Showcased preservation of single-photon coherence during the storage period.

Conclusions:

  • The developed quantum memory successfully stores single-photon orbital angular momentum.
  • This capability enables the storage of spatial information at the single-photon level.
  • Opens new avenues for developing high-dimensional quantum memories essential for advanced quantum networks.