Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Decision Making: P-value Method01:09

Decision Making: P-value Method

The process of hypothesis testing based on the P-value method includes calculating the P- value using the sample data and interpreting it.
First, a specific claim about the population parameter is proposed. The claim is based on the research question and is stated in a simple form. Further, an opposing statement to the claim  is also stated. These statements can act as null and alternative hypotheses:  a null hypothesis would be a neutral statement while the alternative hypothesis can have a...
Decision Making: Traditional Method01:14

Decision Making: Traditional Method

The process of hypothesis testing based on the traditional method includes calculating the critical value, testing the value of the test statistic using the sample data, and interpreting these values.
First, a specific claim about the population parameter is decided based on the research question and is stated in a simple form. Further, an opposing statement to this claim is also stated. These statements can act as null and alternative hypotheses, out of which a null hypothesis would be a...
Theory of Attribution II: Kelley's Covariation Theory01:29

Theory of Attribution II: Kelley's Covariation Theory

Attribution theory plays a crucial role in social psychology, helping to explain how individuals interpret the causes of behavior. One prominent model within this field is Harold Kelley's covariation theory, which provides a systematic approach to determining whether internal traits or external circumstances drive a person's actions. The model posits that individuals rely on three key types of information—consensus, consistency, and distinctiveness—to make these judgments.Consensus: Comparing...
The Anchoring-and-Adjustment Heuristic01:25

The Anchoring-and-Adjustment Heuristic

In order to make good decisions, we use our knowledge and our reasoning. Often, this knowledge and reasoning is sound and solid. However, sometimes, we are swayed by biases or by others manipulating a situation. For example, let’s say you and three friends wanted to rent a house and had a combined target budget of $1,600. The realtor shows you only very run-down houses for $1,600 and then shows you a very nice house for $2,000. Might you ask each person to pay more in rent to get the $2,000...
The Availability Heuristic01:08

The Availability Heuristic

A heuristic is a general problem-solving framework (Tversky & Kahneman, 1974). You can think of these as mental shortcuts that are used to solve problems. Different types of heuristics are used in different types of situations, and the impulse to use a heuristic occurs when one of five conditions is met (Pratkanis, 1989):
Reason and Intuition01:37

Reason and Intuition

The human brain processes information for decision-making using one of two routes: an intuitive system and a rational system (Epstein, 1994; popularized by Kahneman, 2011 as System 1 and System 2, respectively). The intuitive system is quick, impulsive, and operates with minimal effort, relying on emotions or habits to provide cues for what to do next, while the rational system is logical, analytical, deliberate, and methodical. Research in neuropsychology suggests that the brain can only use...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The influence of nonlinear resonance on human cortical oscillations.

Communications biology·2026
Same author

Lifespan development of EEG alpha and aperiodic component sources is shaped by the connectome and axonal delays.

National science review·2026
Same author

Correction: CiftiStorm pipeline: facilitating reproducible EEG/MEG source connectomics.

Frontiers in neuroscience·2026
Same author

A method for the time-frequency analysis of high-order interactions in non-stationary physiological networks.

Journal of neural engineering·2025
Same author

The effectiveness of non-pharmacological treatments for auditory verbal hallucinations in schizophrenia spectrum disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists·2025
Same author

Flatness-based control for generalized synchronization of chaotic systems with large dissipation and dimension mismatch.

Chaos (Woodbury, N.Y.)·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 7, 2026

Utilizing Electroencephalography Measurements for Comparison of Task-Specific Neural Efficiencies: Spatial Intelligence Tasks
06:57

Utilizing Electroencephalography Measurements for Comparison of Task-Specific Neural Efficiencies: Spatial Intelligence Tasks

Published on: August 9, 2016

Effective connectivity reveals strategy differences in an expert calculator.

Ludovico Minati1, Natasha Sigala

  • 1Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, East Sussex, United Kingdom ; Scientific Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico "Carlo Besta", Milano, Italy.

Plos One
|October 3, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Expertise in mental calculation, like date recall, reshapes brain networks. Extensive practice shifts cognitive load from attention to long-term memory, highlighting distinct neural hubs for familiar versus novel dates.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 7, 2026

Utilizing Electroencephalography Measurements for Comparison of Task-Specific Neural Efficiencies: Spatial Intelligence Tasks
06:57

Utilizing Electroencephalography Measurements for Comparison of Task-Specific Neural Efficiencies: Spatial Intelligence Tasks

Published on: August 9, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Neuroimaging
  • Expertise Studies

Background:

  • Mathematical reasoning is crucial for human cognition.
  • Expert performers, like mental calculators, push cognitive limits.
  • Calendrical skills (weekday identification) represent a unique cognitive ability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the neural underpinnings of calendrical skills in a gifted mental calculator.
  • Examine how extensive practice affects brain network organization for expertise.
  • Differentiate neural processing for practiced (close dates) versus less-practiced (remote dates) calculations.

Main Methods:

  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was employed.
  • Graph-based mapping of effective brain connectivity was utilized.
  • Univariate analysis was used for comparison.

Main Results:

  • Distinct cortical hubs emerged for processing close versus remote dates.
  • Well-practiced dates engaged occipital and medial temporal areas.
  • Less-practiced dates involved prefrontal, orbitofrontal, and anterior cingulate connectivity.

Conclusions:

  • Extensive practice enhances expertise and long-term working memory.
  • Frontal networks support less-practiced calculations requiring higher processing demands.
  • Developing expertise transitions complex calculations from attentional resources to long-term memory access.