High rates of false-positive hepatitis C antibody tests can occur after left ventricular assist device implantation

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) screening is routine before cardiac transplantation, and virus presence is an exclusion at most centers. Left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) are often used as a bridge to transplantation and cause immune activation. We collected data on 32 consecutive patients undergoing LVAD placement between January 2006 and February 2008 at a single center. Of the 23 potential bridge-to-transplant patients with HCV testing before and after LVAD, seven (30%) turned positive for HCV antibody but did not have true HCV infection on confirmatory testing. Cardiac transplant care providers should be aware of possible false-positive HCV antibody tests in this setting.